The Court of Appeal in Malaysia ruled that children born in Malaysia cannot derive Malaysian citizenship from their Malaysian fathers if the parents were not married at the time of birth, meaning they must follow their non-Malaysian mothers’ nationality. The decision, chaired by Datuk Azhahari Kamal Ramli, involves two individuals known as J and D who have lived in Malaysia but were denied citizenship despite biological paternity, because their mothers are Indonesian and Filipino, respectively. The ruling relies on the Federal Constitution and aligns with a precedent from the CTEB case, reinforcing a gendered framework that can lead to statelessness for some, even as the court asserted they could pursue their mothers’ citizenships. The case highlights concrete consequences, such as altered birth certificates, previous Malaysian citizenship status on records, and barriers to education, banking, and employment for those affected. Critics argue the decision entrenches gender discrimination and raises statelessness concerns, while the Home Ministry maintains a security- and documentation-focused approach to citizenship applications. The Court of Appeal’s July 22 decision thus narrows the pathway to citizenship for children born to unmarried Malaysian fathers and foreign mothers.