France's National Assembly gave final approval to a bill permitting medically assisted dying for adults with incurable, life-threatening illnesses, passing 291 to 241 after years of debate. The law now awaits review by the Constitutional Council before it can take effect. It establishes strict safeguards: applicants must be at least 18 and either a citizen or legal resident, suffer an advanced or terminal illness causing unbearable, incurable pain, and request assistance from a doctor who will verify eligibility, with the patient responsible for self-administration; if they cannot physically do so, a healthcare professional may assist. A mandatory 15-day review by medical staff followed by a minimum two-day reflection period precedes the final decision, which is made by the patient’s physician after a multidisciplinary assessment. The legislation explicitly excludes purely psychological suffering and some neurodegenerative conditions, and it has faced opposition in the Senate despite passage in the lower house. If constitutionally approved, the measure could then be implemented with costs potentially covered by France’s national health insurance, marking a major shift in end-of-life care.