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About Spanish march
The Spanish March or Hispanic March was a march or military buffer zone established after the failed Umayyad invasion of Gaul. It was established in c. 795 by Charlemagne in the eastern Pyrenees and nearby areas, to protect the new territories of the Christian Carolingian Empire—the Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine, and Septimania—from the Muslim Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus.
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- Carolingian Empire, Caliphate of Córdoba