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About Sultan of Egypt
Medieval Egypt was ruled by sultans from the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally included Sham and Hejaz, with the consequence that the Ayyubid and later Mamluk sultans were also regarded as the sultans of Syria. From 1914, the title was once again used by the heads of the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, being replaced by the title of king of Egypt and Sudan in 1922.
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