1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1923rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 923rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 23rd year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1920s decade. As of the start of 1923, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was relegated that February to use only by churches after Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar.
In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days were skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, February 15 (Julian Calendar) was followed by Thursday, March 1 (Gregorian Calendar).
Contents
Events
January–February
January 5 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, to force Germany to make reparation payments.
January 17 (or 9) – First flight of the first rotorcraft, Juan de la Cierva's Cierva C.4 autogyro, in Spain. (It is first demonstrated to the military on January 31.)
February 5 – Australian cricketer Bill Ponsford makes 429 runs to break the world record for the highest first-class cricket score for the first time in his third match at this level, at Melbourne Cricket Ground, giving the Victoria cricket team an innings total of 1,059.
February 9 – Billy Hughes, having resigned as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party, is succeeded by Stanley Bruce. A Liberal–National Coalition will persist in the politics of Australia for at least 100 years.
March–April
March 1 – Eskom, the largest electricity producer in Africa, is established in South Africa.
March 3 – The first issue of TIME magazine is published.
March 6 – The Egyptian Feminist Union (Arabic: الاتحاد النسائي المصري), the first nationwide feminist movement in Egypt, is founded at the home of activist Huda Sha'arawi.
March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires from his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
March 17 – Dobrolyot is formed as the first Soviet civil aviation service; it will become part of flag carrier Aeroflot.
March 28 – Regia Aeronautica, the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April 6 – The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed, in Victoria Institution, Federated Malay States.
April 12 – The Kandersteg International Scout Centre comes into existence in Switzerland.
April 19
Hjalmar Branting leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after the Swedish Riksdag has rejected a government proposal regarding unemployment benefits. Right-wing academic and jurist Ernst Trygger succeeds him.
The Egyptian Constitution of 1923 is adopted, introducing a parliamentary system of democracy in the country.
April 23 – The Gdynia seaport is inaugurated, on the Polish Corridor.
April 26 – Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon: The future King George VI of the United Kingdom marries the future Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother in Westminster Abbey.
May–June
May 9
Southeastern Michigan receives a record 15 centimetres (5.9 in) of snow, after temperatures plummeted from 17 °F (−8 °C) to 1 °F (−17 °C) between 1 and 6 pm on the previous day.
The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle (Im Dickicht), at the Residenztheater in Munich, is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
May 20 – British Prime Minister Bonar Law resigns, due to ill health.
May 23
Stanley Baldwin is appointed British Prime Minister.
Belgium's Sabena Airlines is created.
May 24 – The Irish Civil War ends.
May 26 – The first 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race is held, and is won by André Lagache and René Léonard.
May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan in the United States defies a law requiring publication of its membership.
June 9 – Bulgarian coup d'état of 1923: A military coup in Bulgaria ousts prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski (he is killed June 14).
June 16 – The storming of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War.
June 18 – Mount Etna erupts in Italy, making 60,000 homeless.
July–August
July 10 – Large hailstones kill 23 people in Rostov, Soviet Union.
July 13 – American explorer Roy Chapman Andrews discovers the first dinosaur eggs near Flaming Cliffs, Mongolia.
July 24 – The Treaty of Lausanne (1923), settling the boundaries of the modern Republic of Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War, bringing an end to the Ottoman Empire after 624 years.
July – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic (Germany) sees the number of marks needed to purchase a single American dollar reach 353,000 – more than 200 times the amount needed at the start of the year.
August 2 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th president of the United States, upon the death of President Warren G. Harding in San Francisco.
August 13
The first major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, the newly constructed Polish seaport.
Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany, and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.
August 18 – The first British Track & Field championships for women are held in London.
August 30 – Hurricane season begins, with a tropical storm northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
August 31 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu, in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests, and the occupation ends on September 30.
September–October
September 1
The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing more than 100,000 people.
The Kantō Massacre begins and continues for several weeks. Ethnic Koreans are killed by lynch mobs based on rumors that Koreans are committing crimes and plotting to overthrow the government. The death toll (and even the occurrence of) the massacre is disputed, with figures ranging from a few dozen to over 6,000 deaths. Most of the deaths are of Korean people, although it is said that other ethnic minorities and even Japanese people with unusual dialects are also killed.
September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time.
September 6 – The Fukuda Village Incident occurs as a part of the larger Kantō Massacre. Nine Japanese people, including a pregnant woman and children, are killed based on false beliefs that they are ethnic Koreans.
September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.
September 8 – Honda Point disaster: Nine United States Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
September 9 – Turkish head of state Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
September 10 – The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations.
September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
November–December
November 1
The Finnish flag carrier airline Finnair is started, as Aero oy.
The 1923 Victorian Police strike begins in Australia, with half of the Victoria Police force standing down over the use of labor spies. Rioting and looting take place in Melbourne city centre.
November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day in one of several significant events on 9 November in German history. 20 people die as a result of associated violence.
November 11 – Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the Beer Hall Putsch.
November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie, in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic: Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the Rentenmark, at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark (effective November 20).
November 23 - The 1923 Irish hunger strikes end. Thousands of Irish republicans took part in prisons across Ireland; five prisoners died in the hunger strikes.
November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
December 1 – In Italy, the Gleno Dam on the Gleno River, in the Valle di Scalve in the northern province of Bergamo, bursts, killing at least 356 people.
Births
January
January 1
Valentina Cortese, Italian actress (d. 2019)
Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)
January 2 – Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy, 38th Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014)
January 5 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
January 6 – Norman Kirk, 29th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1974)
January 7 – Jean Lucienbonnet, French racing driver (d. 1962)
January 8
Larry Storch, American actor (d. 2022)
Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
January 11
Wright King, American actor (d. 2018)
Paavo Lonkila, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2017)
Ernst Nolte, German historian (d. 2016)
January 12 – Ira Hayes, U.S. Marine flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1955)
January 15 – Lee Teng-hui, Taiwanese politician, 4th President of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
January 16 – Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
January 20
Nora Brockstedt, Norwegian singer (d. 2015)
February
February 1
Stig Mårtensson, Swedish racing cyclist (d. 2010)
Gena Turgel, Polish author, Holocaust survivor and educator (d. 2018)
February 2
James Dickey, American poet, author (Deliverance) (d. 1997)
Clem Windsor, Australian rugby union player, surgeon (d. 2007)
February 3 – Edith Barney, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
February 4
Bonar Bain, Canadian actor (d. 2005)
Belisario Betancur, Colombian politician, 26th President of Colombia (d. 2018)
February 5
Fatmawati, 1st First Lady of Indonesia (d. 1980)
Claude King, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 2013)
February 6
Gyula Lóránt, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 1981)
Georges Pouliot, Canadian fencer (d. 2019)
Vija Vētra, Latvian dancer and choreographer (d. 2026)
February 7 – George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, first grandchild of King George V (d. 2011)
February 8 – Urpo Korhonen, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2009)
March
March 2
Orrin Keepnews, American record producer (d. 2015)
Robert H. Michel, American Republican Party politician (d. 2017)
March 3 – Doc Watson, American folk guitarist, songwriter (d. 2012)
March 4
Russell Freeburg, American journalist and author
Piero D'Inzeo, Italian Olympic show jumping rider (d. 2014)
Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer, broadcaster (d. 2012)
March 6
Ed McMahon, American television personality (d. 2009)
Wes Montgomery, African-American jazz musician (d. 1968)
March 7
Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
Thomas Keating, American monk (d. 2018)
March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
March 9
James L. Buckley, American politician, United States Senator (1971–77) (d. 2023)
Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2016)
William Lyon, American major general (d. 2020)
April
April 2
Alice Haylett, American professional baseball player (d. 2004)
Gloria Henry, American actress (d. 2021)
Johnny Paton, Scottish football player, coach and manager (d. 2015)
G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician (d. 2016)
April 4
Maximiano Tuazon Cruz, Filipino Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2013)
Gene Reynolds, American actor (d. 2020)
Peter Vaughan, English actor (d. 2016)
April 5 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, 2nd President of South Vietnam (d. 2001)
April 8
George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)
Edward Mulhare, Irish-born American actor (d. 1997)
April 10 – John Watkins, South African cricketer (d. 2021)
April 12 – Ann Miller, American actress and dancer (d. 2004)
April 13 – Don Adams, American actor, comedian (Get Smart) (d. 2005)
April 14
Lydia Clarke, American actress, photographer (d. 2018)
Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine professional golfer, winner of the 1967 Open Championship (d. 2017)
May
May 1
Frank Brian, American basketball player (d. 2017)
Fernando Cabrita, Portuguese football forward, manager (d. 2014)
Joseph Heller, American novelist (Catch-22) (d. 1999)
Billy Steel, Scottish footballer (d. 1982)
May 2 – Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
May 3
Francesco Paolo Bonifacio, Italian politician and jurist (d. 1989)
Alexander Harvey II, American judge (d. 2017)
May 4
Gillis William Long, American politician (d. 1985)
Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)
Eric Sykes, English actor (d. 2012)
May 5
Sergey Akhromeyev, Soviet marshal, former Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (d. 1991)
Edit Perényi-Weckinger, Hungarian gymnast (d. 2019)
Konrad Repgen, German historian (d. 2017)
Richard Wollheim, English philosopher (d. 2003)
May 6
Josep Seguer, Spanish football defender, manager (d. 2014)
June
June 2
Ted Leehane, Australian rules footballer (d. 2014)
Lloyd Shapley, American mathematician, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)
June 3 – Peter Thorne, British Royal Air Force pilot (d. 2014)
June 4 – Yuriko, Princess Mikasa, Japanese princess (d. 2024)
June 5 – Peggy Stewart, American actress (d. 2019)
June 6
V. C. Andrews, American novelist (d. 1996)
Jeff Dwire, American small businessman (d. 1974)
June 7
Jean Baratte, French international footballer, striker and manager (d. 1986)
Giorgio Belladonna, Italian bridge player, one of the greatest of all time (d. 1995)
Harold Garde, American artist (d. 2022)
June 8 – Tang Hsiang Chien, Hong Kong industrialist (d. 2018)
June 9
Gerald Götting, German politician (d. 2015)
I. H. Latif, Indian military officer (d. 2018)
June 10 – Robert Maxwell, Slovak-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
June 12
July
July 1
Scotty Bowers, American marine, author (d. 2019)
Herman Chernoff, American applied mathematician, statistician and physicist (d. 2026)
July 2
Constantin Dăscălescu, 52nd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2003)
Wisława Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
July 3
Hugo Machado, Uruguayan cyclist (d. 2015)
Felipe Zetter, Mexican football defender (d. 2013)
July 4
Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 2013)
George Mostow, American mathematician, renowned for his contributions to Lie theory (d. 2017)
July 5 – Hermann Gummel, German semiconductor industry pioneer (d. 2022)
July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish Communist politician, 8th Prime Minister of Poland and President of Poland (d. 2014)
July 7
Leonardo Ferrel, Bolivian football player (d. 2013)
Whitney North Seymour Jr., American administrator (d. 2019)
Kitty White, American jazz singer (d. 2009)
July 8 – Harrison Dillard, African-American track and field athlete (d. 2019)
August
August 2
Shimon Peres, 8th Prime Minister of Israel, 9th President of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2016)
Charlie Wells, American crime novelist (d. 2004)
Ike Williams, American boxer (d. 1994)
August 3
Jean Hagen, American actress (d. 1977)
Anne Klein, American fashion designer (d. 1974)
Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (d. 2012)
August 4
Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy, American judge (d. 2014)
Santiago Omar Riveros, Argentine general (d. 2024)
Franz Karl Stanzel, Austrian literary theorist (d. 2023)
August 5
Sir Michael Kerry, QC, British civil servant, Procurator General and Treasury Solicitor (d. 2012)
Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)
August 6
John Dunmore, New Zealand academic, historian and author (d. 2023)
Paul Hellyer, Canadian engineer, politician (d. 2021)
Moira Lister, Anglo-South African film, stage and television actress (d. 2007)
September
September 1
Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
Tunku Ampuan Najihah, Queen consort of Malaysia (d. 2023)
Kenneth Thomson, Canadian businessman, art collector (d. 2006)
September 3
Glen Bell, American entrepreneur, founder of Taco Bell (d. 2010)
Mort Walker, American cartoonist, creator of Beetle Bailey (d. 2018)
September 4
Mirko Ellis, Swiss-Italian actor (d. 2014)
Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian politician (d. 2003)
Mushtaq Ahmad Yusufi, Pakistani banker, writer and humorist (d. 2018)
September 5 – Aileen Adams, English consultant anaesthetist
September 6
Eloy Tato Losada, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2022)
King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
September 7
Madeleine Dring, British composer, actress (d. 1977)
Peter Lawford, English actor (d. 1984)
Bill Nankivell, Australian politician (d. 2024)
September 8
October
October 1
Babe McCarthy, American professional and collegiate basketball coach (d. 1975)
Mary Morello, American anti-censorship activist (d. 2026)
Kim Yaroshevskaya, Russian-born Canadian actress (d. 2025)
October 2
Abdullah CD, Malaysian politician (d. 2024)
Shih Chun-jen, Taiwanese neurosurgeon (d. 2017)
Absalón Castellanos Domínguez, Mexican politician (d. 2017)
Judith Hemmendinger, German-born Israeli researcher and author (d. 2024)
Eugenio Cruz Vargas, Chilean poet, painter (d. 2014)
Hershel W. Williams, American Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2022)
October 3
Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
Stanisław Skrowaczewski, Polish-born orchestral conductor (d. 2017)
October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor (The Ten Commandments) (d. 2008)
October 5
Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic football player, politician (d. 1994)
Glynis Johns, South African-born Welsh actress (d. 2024)
November
November 1
Victoria de los Ángeles, Catalan soprano (d. 2005)
Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d. 2001)
James Ramsden, English politician (d. 2020)
Imre Varga, Hungarian sculptor (d. 2019)
November 2
Henry Moore, English bishop (d. 2025)
Cesare Rubini, Italian basketball player, coach (d. 2011)
Ida Vitale, Uruguayan translator, author and literary critic
November 3
Garnett Thomas Eisele, American district court judge (d. 2017)
Violetta Elvin, née Prokhorova, Russian-born ballerina (d. 2021)
Charles Nolte, American actor, director, playwright and educator (d. 2010)
Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1990)
Giovanni Battista Urbani, Italian politician (d. 2018)
November 4
John Herbers, American journalist, author, editor, World War II veteran and Pulitzer Prize finalist (d. 2017)
Howie Meeker, Canadian ice hockey player and politician (d. 2020)
December
December 1
Maurice De Bevere, better known as Morris, Belgian cartoonist, comics artist and illustrator (d. 2001)
William F. House, American otologist, inventor of the Cochlear implant (d. 2012)
Stansfield Turner, American admiral, Director of Central Intelligence (d. 2018)
December 2 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
December 3
Dede Allen, American film editor (Bonnie and Clyde) (d. 2010)
Stjepan Bobek, Yugoslav footballer (d. 2010)
Moyra Fraser, British actress (d. 2009)
December 5
Khosiat Boboeva, Tajikistani historian
Eleanor Dapkus, American female professional baseball player (d. 2011)
December 6
Emile Hemmen, Luxembourg poet and writer (d. 2021)
Bryan Thwaites, English mathematician, educationalist and administrator
December 7
Robert Geddes, American architect (d. 2023)
Ted Knight, American actor (d. 1986)
December 8
Deaths
January
January 1 – Willie Keeler, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1872)
January 2
Thomas Bavister, English-born Australian politician (b. 1850)
Girolamo Caruso, Italian agronomist, teacher (b. 1842)
January 3 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
January 8 – Shimamura Hayao, Japanese admiral (b. 1858)
January 9
Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand-born British novelist, died in France (b. 1888)
Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters, British couple hanged for murder (Thompson b. 1893, Bywaters b. 1902)
January 11 – Constantine I, abdicated king of Greece (b. 1868)
January 12 – Herbert Silberer, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1882)
January 13 – Alexandre Ribot, French statesman, 46th Prime Minister of France (b. 1842)
January 16 – Abdul Kerim Pasha, Ottoman general (b. 1872)
January 18 – Wallace Reid, American actor (b. 1891)
January 19 – Amalia Eriksson, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1824)
January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
February
February 1
Ernst Troeltsch, German theologian (b. 1865)
Luigi Variara, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1875)
February 3 – Count Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese general (b. 1844)
February 4 – Prince Fushimi Sadanaru of Japan (b. 1858)
February 5 – Count Erich Kielmansegg, former Prime Minister of Austria (b. 1847)
February 6
Edward Emerson Barnard, American astronomer (b. 1857)
Gerdt von Bassewitz, Prussian general, playwright and actor (b. 1878)
February 8 – Bernard Bosanquet, English philosopher and political theorist (b. 1848)
February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
February 14 – Bartolomeo Bacilieri, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1842)
February 19 – Gerónimo Giménez, Spanish conductor, composer (b. 1854)
February 21 – Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu (b. 1878)
February 22
Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)
Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1853)
March
March 1 – Rui Barbosa, Brazilian polymath, diplomat, writer, jurist and politician (b. 1849)
William Bourke Cockran, Irish-American congressman and politician (b. 1854)
March 3 – Melancthon J. Briggs, American lawyer, politician (b. 1846)
March 6 – Joseph McDermott, American actor (b. 1878)
March 8
Pascual Álvarez, Filipino general (b. 1861)
Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
March 11 – Júlia da Silva Bruhns, Brazilian merchant (b. 1851)
March 25 – Inokuchi Ariya, Japanese technologist, professor (b. 1856)
March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
March 27 – Sir James Dewar, British chemist (b. 1842)
March 28 – Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
March 31 – Konstantin Budkevich, Soviet Roman Catholic priest and servant of God (executed) (b. 1867)
April
April 1 – Prince Naruhisa Kitashirakawa of Japan (b. 1887)
April 2 – Michel Théato, Luxembourg athlete (b. 1878)
April 4
Julius Martov, Russian Menshevik leader (b. 1873)
John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
April 5 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, British financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
April 6 – Alice Cunningham Fletcher, American ethnologist and anthropologist (b. 1838)
April 15 – Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, 17th President of Costa Rica (b. 1844)
April 16 – Isidore Jacques Eggermont, Belgian diplomat (b. 1844)
April 17 – Madre Teresa Nuzzo, Maltese Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1851)
April 18 – Savina Petrilli, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1851)
April 22
Frank Baldwin, American general (b. 1842)
Thomas Perrett, Sgt in the Confederate States Army and North Carolina State Senator (b. 1843)
April 23
Mary Cynthia Dickerson, American herpetologist (b. 1866)
Princess Louise of Prussia (b. 1838)
May
May 5 – Rosario de Acuña, Spanish author (b. 1850)
May 9 – Constantin Cristescu, Romanian general (b. 1866)
May 10 – Charles de Freycinet, French statesman, Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
May 17
Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar, Spanish nobleman, politician, and Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1856)
Thomas Scott Baldwin, American balloonist, general (b. 1854)
Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg (b. 1852)
May 21
Hans Goldschmidt, German chemist (b. 1861)
Charles Kent, British actor (b. 1852)
May 23 – Nicola Barbato, Italian doctor, socialist and politician (b. 1856)
May 29 – Albert Deullin, French flying ace of World War I (b. 1890)
June
June 4
Alexander Milne Calder, Scottish-born American sculptor (b. 1846)
Filippo Smaldone, Italian Roman Catholic priest, saint (b. 1848)
June 5 – Carl von Horn, German general (b. 1847)
June 9
Takeo Arishima, Japanese novelist, writer and essayist (b. 1878)
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)
June 10 – Pierre Loti, French writer, naval officer (b. 1850)
June 12 – Kate Bishop, English actress (b. 1848)
June 14
Isabelle Bogelot, French philanthropist (b. 1838)
Aleksandar Stamboliyski, 20th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (assassinated) (b. 1879)
June 17 – Alexis-Xyste Bernard, Canadian Catholic bishop (b. 1847)
June 18 – Hristo Smirnenski, Bulgarian poet (b. 1898)
June 20 – Princess Marie of Battenberg (b. 1852)
June 23 – Keiichi Aichi, Japanese physicist (b. 1880)
June 24 – Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)
July
July 9 – William R. Day, American lawyer and diplomat, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1849)
July 10 – Albert Chevalier, British music hall comedian (b. 1861)
July 12 – Ernst Otto Beckmann, German pharmacist, chemist (b. 1853)
July 17 – Theodor Rosetti, 16th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1837)
July 19 – Auguste Bouché-Leclercq, French historian (b. 1842)
July 20 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (assassinated) (b. 1878)
July 23 – Charles Dupuy, French statesman, Prime Minister of France (b. 1851)
July 30 – Sir Charles Hawtrey, British actor (b. 1858)
August
August 1 – Pierre Brizon, French teacher, deputy and pacifist (b. 1878)
August 2 – Warren G. Harding, American politician, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
August 5 – Vatroslav Jagić, Croatian scholar (b. 1838)
August 9 – Victor II, Duke of Ratibor (b. 1847)
August 10 – Joaquín Sorolla, Spanish painter (b. 1863)
August 15 – Marty Hogan, English baseball player (b. 1869)
August 19 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist (b. 1848)
August 21 – Sir William Meredith, Canadian politician and judge (b. 1840)
August 24
Katō Tomosaburō, Imperial Japanese Navy officer, 12th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
Kate Douglas Wiggin, American author (b. 1856)
August 26 – Hertha Ayrton, English engineer, mathematician and inventor (b. 1854)
August 29 – Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark (b. 1878)
September
September 6 – Pedro José Escalón, Salvadorian military officer, 21st President of El Salvador (b. 1847)
September 9 – Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, Brazilian soldier and politician, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
September 14 – Nemesio Canales, Puerto Rican essayist, novelist, playwright, journalist, activist and politician (b. 1878)
September 17 – Stefanos Dragoumis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1842)
September 19 – Sophus Andersen, Danish composer (b. 1859)
September 23
Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares, Indian Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1836)
Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-born American artist (b. 1867)
John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn, British politician, editor (b. 1838)
September 25 – Elbazduko Britayev, Russian playwright, author (b. 1881)
September 26 – Luigi Tezza, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1841)
October
October 3 – Kadambini Ganguly, doctor (b. 1861)
October 6 – Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
October 10
Herman Gottfried Breijer, Dutch-born South African naturalist and museologist (b. 1864)
Andrés Avelino Cáceres, Peruvian general, twice President of Peru (b. 1836)
October 12 – Diego Manuel Chamorro, 14th President of Nicaragua (b. 1861)
October 26 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, German-American engineer and electrician (b. 1865)
October 28
Stojan Protić, Yugoslav statesman and writer, 1st Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1857)
Theodor Reuss, German occultist (b. 1855)
October 30 – Bonar Law, British politician, 39th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
November
November 5 – Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, French novelist and poet (b. 1880)
November 9 (among those killed in Munich Beer Hall Putsch):
Oskar Körner, German businessman (b. 1875)
Karl Laforce, German student (b. 1904)
Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, German diplomat, revolutionary (b. 1884)
November 10 – Ricciotto Canudo, Italian theoretician (b. 1877)
November 14 – Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
November 15 – Mohammad Yaqub Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1849)
November 21 – Lars Emil Bruun, Danish grocer, numismatist (b. 1852)
November 30 – Martha Mansfield, American actress (b. 1899)
December
December 2 – Tomás Bretón, Spanish composer (b. 1850)
December 4 – Maurice Barres, French novelist, journalist and politician (b. 1862)
December 9 – Meggie Albanesi, British actress (b. 1899)
December 10 – Thomas George Bonney, English geologist (b. 1833)
December 11 – Kata Dalström, Swedish politician (b. 1858)
December 13 – Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
December 14 – Giuseppe Gallignani, Italian composer, conductor and teacher (b. 1851)
December 22 – Georg Luger, German firearms designer (b. 1849)
December 25 – William Ludwig, Irish opera singer (b. 1847)
December 26 – Rafael Valentín Errázuriz, Chilean politician, diplomat (b. 1861)
December 27
Gustave Eiffel, French engineer, architect (Eiffel Tower) (b. 1832)
Lluís Domènech i Montaner, Spanish architect (b. 1850)
December 28 – Frank Hayes, American actor (b. 1871)
Date unknown
Józef Tretiak, Polish writer (b. 1841)
Nobel Prizes
Physics – Robert Andrews Millikan
Chemistry – Fritz Pregl
Physiology or Medicine – Frederick Banting, John Macleod
Literature – W. B. Yeats