Amol

History

Pre-Islamic era

According to the city government, the name is derived from Amardi, a tribe mentioned by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus.

Amol is one of the most ancient cities of Iran. A number of historians and geographers believe it was established in the 1st millennium BC. Some historians have attributed the birth of the city during the reign of the mythological king Tahmuras.

Some historians have associated this ancient city with the periods of the Pishdadian dynasty and the Kayanian dynasty. The people inhabiting the area before the arrival of Aryans, were known as Amards (Amui in Pahlavi), who had migrated to and settled on the Iranian Plateau between the late 2nd millennium BC and early 1st millennium BC. According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran, at least in the period starting from Sassanid Empire to the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire. Though they are a Median tribe, Herodotus named the tribe Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the 'a' at the beginning of Amardians, which would mean they are two different tribes. Elsewhere, he says, one of the peoples who have trusted Darius I

Igor M. Diakonoff says that Amardians lived on the coasts of the Caspian Sea, in the distance of the Alban and Otia from the north and the Hyrcanian from the east.

Strabo says about the Tapyri that they wore black robes and had long hair, and "he who is adjudged the bravest marries whomever he wishes" (Geography 11.8 = T520a). In the history of the Persian Empire, the Mard were handsome, capable, and brave persons present in the heart of the army and were responsible for defending the commander.) The Amard helped the Achaemenid in several battles, including the invasion of Greece, the occupation of Sardis, the attack of the Medes, and at the Battle of Opis.

Ibn Isfandiyar has another theory about Amol which says, at the request of his wife, Firoz Shah created a large and flourishing city named Amele.

People of Amol were p, the current Caspian Sea. Further evidence of the power of the Amol people is their fighting in the Battle of Thermopylae, Battle of Gaugamela and other Sardis forces in the Achaemenid Empire. Quintus Curtius Rufus said, Immortals (Achaemenid Empire) Archers they were all Amard people.

Islamic era

Amol, in the era of the Alid dynasties and Marashis dynasty, was the capital of Northern Iran. The inhabitants of Amol embraced Islam during the reign of Mahdi (775–785), the Abbasid Caliph. Amol was also the capital city of the Bavand dynasty and Ziyarid dynasty.

The people of Amol initially resisted the Arabs.

In the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth century, Amol was one of the largest cities in Iran. Khalid ibn Barmak built a palace in the city and ruled for years. People from the Qarinvand dynasty arrived a couple of years ago and fought with the Abbasid Caliphate to win the kingdom.

During the Umayyad Caliphate period, during the reign of Muawiyah I, Sa'id ibn al-As undertook the conquest of Tabaristan, and with an army of 4,000 troops rushed there, and the whole war between him and Farrukhan the Great lasted for two whole years, but was postponed. The conflict lasted until Abbasid Caliphate until the attack of the Persian general Wandad Hurmuzd.

In Hudud al-'Alam, Amol is regarded as a great city with active commerce and trading ventures. However, resentment with the Tahirids rule increased due to the oppressive activities of their officials. People of the provinces pledged alliance to Hasan ibn Zayd. Zayd became the founder of the Zaydid dynasty of Tabaristan Alavids government in Tabaristan established and it's with Amol centered and 106-year domination of the Abbasids in the territory ended.

Yaqub ibn Layth the was geostrategy in Amol. Hasan al-Utrush with a trip to Amol who re-established Zaydid rule over the province Tabaristan in northern Iran in 914, after fourteen years of Samanid rule.

After the Alid dynasty, the Ziyarid dynasty ruled Iran and Tabaristan. At this time Amol was developed in such a way that geographers have written articles about the industry and its silk.

Hasan ibn Zayd, nicknamed al-Dai al-Kabir, appeared in the Tabaristan region in 250 AH, and many dissatisfied people and the captives of the Caliph Tahirid strengthened him. He invited people and published the Shiite religion. After coming to power in Tabaristan, Daei Kabir moved his capital from Sari to Amol, which was Taherian's seat.

Bitter events

Amol Gullies were completely destroyed. Since the Sasanian Empire then, the town has suffered earthquake and flood damage several times, but each time, it has recovered, and it is still a considerable town. During the Pahlavi dynasty, the city was burned twice due to fire.

Flooding in Mount Deryouk, and the destruction of the entire city.

Dangerous diseases that plague the year 1198 AH

The outbreak of the dangerous plague that took place in 1198 AH destroyed countless civilians

The war of the local kings with the Arabs

Mongol invasion of Genghis Khan and his descendants to Tabaristan

Wajih ad-Din Masud attack in Amol

Battle Alavid and Saffarian Samanid in Amol

Battle House of Karen and Bavandids in the city

Samanid Empire attack to royan and Amol with the House of Ispahbudhan

Timur war with the kings Marashis and killing people and battle with Iskandar-i shaykhi

Attack Mas'ud I of Ghazni on the city

Shah Ismail I and Shah Abbas Safavid King wars attack the Amol and killing people

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar attacked the Larijan and Amol, killing people and destroying the city

Conflagration in 1335 AH caused a lot of damage and severe destruction to the city. This fire and fire occurred in the year 6 AH, which first started near the Niyaki ridge and was swept across the city by the wind and reached the Haraz River, causing a fire to the gunpowder shop and ammunition shop. The shop exploded and a terrible fire broke out across the river, and then the whole city of Amol was blown away by the wind. It is known that the fire took place in April when residents were enjoying the Nowruz celebration, and much of the city was turned gray

First in Iran

The first steel mill in Iran

The first artillery and gunpowder workshop in Iran

The first foundry in Iran

The first modern railway in Iran

The first banknote printing factory in Iran

The first road building in Iran

The first commercial port in northern Iran

The first cotton gin factory in Iran

The first mineral water factory in Iran

The first mdf wood factory in Iran

The oldest seminary in Iran

Demographics

Language, religion, timeline

Most Amoli people speak the Mazandarani language - Tabari as a mother tongue; however, Persian is the most common language spoken in Iran and is the lingua franca.

Northern provinces of Iran in the Parthian or Sasanian eras, probably, were Zoroastrian. There are temples in the province. Mazandaran people converted to Islam around the second century AH. Amol, as the first prime city center, was a Twelver Shiite theocracy. At present, the majority of people are followers of Shia Islam. Mazandaran (including Amol) has its own calendar months in addition to the official Tabari calendar of the moon, used since the era of Yazdgerd. Based on experiments and research Max Planck Society, The people of Mazandaran have long been the most original people living in Iran.

Population

The population history of the city proper is as follows. All figures are official census figures from the Iranian Statistics Institute.

Breakdown of 2006 census:

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 197,470 in 551,183 households. The following census in 2011 counted 219,915 people in 67,182 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 237,528 people in 78,597 households.

Geography

Amol is located on the banks of the Haraz River (26 25'N 52 21'E) at an altitude of 76 m above the sea. It is about 18 km from the Caspian Sea and about 10 km from the northern Alborz mountains. It is 180 km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran, is 70 km east of Amol. Mount Damavand (5610 m), the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol. Amol, with its elevated landscape and valleys, has dense forests. Its tall hills overlook the plains and stretch out to the high slopes of the Mount Damavand. The majestic and deep rocky valleys, rivers, numerous springs, elevated waterfalls, colorful vegetation, a variety of wild life, thermal springs, summer quarters, and rural settlements are some of the special factors which can prove attractive. The city has Mediterranean climate with very hot summers and cool and humid winters. Maximum rainfall is usually in the month of December and minimum in the month of July.

Ecology

Amol has several dense forests and pastures.

The ecology of Tabaristan region had been an impediment to providing a regularly communicative path, and the Haraz path is one of the oldest ones that joined the north of Iran to the central plateau in different periods. A study attempts to deal with archaeological data of this communicative path in the Sasanian era and at the beginning of Islam. A descriptive-analytical method and scaling archeological investigation in the region have been used in the study. The vegetation of the region can be divided into forest and grassland.

Caspian horse, which is also called Khazar Horse was found for the first time in Amol rediscovered in 1965 by Louise Firouz. Mazandaran tiger also lived in the forests around Amol .

Coherent

Haraz Dam is the biggest dam north of Iran under construction on the Haraz River about 20 km from Amol in the year 2009 by Khatam al-Anbiya Construction Headquarters. It is a 150-meter earth rockfill dam with 8.6 million cubic meters of fill volume.

JGC Corporation has also held talks to build a waste-to-energy plant, also known as waste incinerator, in the city of Amol in the northern Mazandaran Province.

Climate

Amol has somewhat short but hot summers and mild to cool winters. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Mediterranean (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs).

Amol experiences around 114 rainy days per year and an annual precipitation of 671 mm (26.4 in) (data for 2001-2017 period). The wettest season is autumn and the driest is summer. There are 12 days per year with frost, generally from December to March and snowfall is common in winter. The highest recorded temperature was 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) on 31 May 2015 and lowest recorded was −8.0 °C (17.6 °F) on 8 January 2008. The highest recorded 24-hour precipitation was 92 mm (3.6 in) on 17 October 2017 and the highest snow height was 24 cm (9.4 in) on 8 January 2008.

Weather

The climate of Amol city is similar to other parts of Mazandaran; in hot and humid summers and mild winters. The maximum amount of rainfall falls in December and the least in July. It has a special climate in its regions.

Excavation sites

In recent years, during the excavation of the hill of Qaleh Kesh, some ancient jewelry was discovered. Radiocarbon analysis revealed the background of the jewelry and objects to date from the 1st millennium BC or from the Bronze Age. New exploration of the Baliran works found the items to be from the Paleolithic Age.

Economy

Amol is the center of dairy, poultry, livestock products, Steel building, and rice in Iran. Mineral water, meat, dairy, wood, Metal machine products, and ingots are the main production industries that are in the city. Agriculture and Tourism are the basic contrutor of the economy. Amol has an economic base is in its provincial products. Agriculture has always been a major part of the economy in and around Amol.

Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province, with Agriculture and Tourism being the base of the Amol economy. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland.

Mineral water, meat, dairy, wood and ingots are the main manufacturing industry. 68% of exports of Mazandaran done from Amol. In the 18th century – 19th century, Amol iron and iron goods were traded all over Iran and as far abroad as Baghdad and Damascus and the society. Linen, rice, handicrafts, honey, wood, mat and gold were regularly sent to the trade houses in Rome and the Gulf countries. Now Food products, Citrus, Ornamental flowers, Cement and sand, Meat products, Industrial machinery, Rapeseed, Power cord, Electronic equipment and Mineral water are regularly exported to several countries, including Afghanistan, Russia, Netherlands, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Oman, Qatar, Angola, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan and Germany.

Rice

The Rice Research Institute of Iran was established in 1963 in Amol, and through its 50 years of research activity, it has had significant impacts on rice cultivation in the region.

At the opening ceremony of the Institute located at Haraz Road, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi introduced Amol as the capital of rice and science. Winston Churchill stated that Tehran was supplied with rice by Mazandaran because of transportation facilities through the Amol.

Amol rice is considered a high-quality product and is exported across the world. Iran's rice export terminal at Amol was established 2016.

Iran International Rice Trade Center and Export Terminal was inaugurated of Amol, on August 21, 2019, in the presence of First Vice President Hassan Rouhani. The center has been established with private investment amounting to over 1 trillion rials ($8.58 million) covering an area over 17 hectares. Nowadays, rice seedling celebrations are held every year in Amol.

Industry

Amol was one of the primary cities in the production of bricks, tobacco, rice, paper and guns since thousands of years ago.

Ultra Quality Rice and Fresh Fruits are major products of the farmers. 65% industry in the Mazandaran province it is located in Amol. It is one of the centers meat and dairy products in Iran. Horticulture and greenhouse are the city's other important activities.

The company, Solico including Kalleh Dairy and Kalleh Meat are three of the biggest corporations in Asia that are located in Amol.

Currently, three industrial towns are active in the counties named Industrial Estate, Amol, Babakan Industrial Estate, and Tashbandan.

Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company, the car and ship's locomotive engine maker is based in Amol. Iran's security papers, banknotes, checks, passport pages and birth certificates are produced by Takab, located in Amol.

Domestic companies

Foreign companies

Pottery is common in the city. Pottery is the material from which the pottery ware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery. Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery. There are also fish farming center in the foothills and around the city, including trout and sturgeon. Today, the percentage of aquaculture production in Amol is equal to the Caspian Sea.

Public Service

Shopping

The city is served by Refah Chain Stores Co., Iran Hyper Star, Isfahan City Center, Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc., Ofoq Kourosh chain store.

Most of the branded stores and upper-class shops are located in the center of the city streets, namely Mahdieh, Shahradari, 17 Shahrivar, Mostafa Khomeini, Heraz and Taleghani and Sabzeh Meydan neighborhood. The important shopping stores are

Oxin City Center

Aftab Mall

Ghaem Shopping Center

Sepehr complex

Oxin Mall

Ghaem Gold Mall

Grand Passage Amol

Morvarid Passage

Farzaneh Passage

Akhavan Passage

Mirdamad Passage

Hotel

The first hotel in the city with the name Hotel Shahr was built by Austrian engineers in the year 1972 and used to be called Shahrdari (Municipality) Hotel. It was later renovated in 2014 to be used as an accommodation by visitors. Other well known hotels are

Hospital

Culture

Amol has a long history based on its ancestors, who were intellectuals and had great contributions to local and national events. Depending on the culture of the people some of the ancient ceremonies mingled with Mazandaran Islamic traditions. Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Wool, felting, felt hat production, and mat weaving are part of the Amoli culture. Varf Chal, Locho Wrestling, Palm and Tiregan named Damavand National Day are local events held each year. Tirgan is an important celebration in Iran's history. In Mazandaran, this day is known as Tir Maah Sizdah Sho. The name literally means 13th night of the month of Tir. It occurs on the 12th of Aban, the 8th month of the Persian calendar, and is celebrated in the province of Mazandaran. Its history goes back to the pre-Islamic era of Iran and is mentioned in the accredited history book of Tarikh Tabari. The celebration has a specific procedure, 13 different kinds of edibles are prepared, and members of the household should stay home for that special night. Tiregan is one of the biggest festivals in ancient Iran. Traditionally, it is held on the Tir day (ancient days) of Tir month, equal to the 13th of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar, and equivalent to the 10th of Tir in Shamsi year.

Tiregan is celebrated on the 13th of Tir in the foothills of Rineh city of Larijan in Amol, Mazandaran Province. It is celebrated by splashing water, dancing, reciting poetry, and serving traditional foods such as spinach soup and sholezard. The custom of tying rainbow-colored bands on wrists, which are worn for ten days and then thrown into a stream, is also a way to rejoice by the children of the city.

Another ceremony is called Varf Chal. Every spring, people in Ab Ask, a village near the northern city of Amol, mark a 600-year-old ceremony called Varf Chal, which literally means snow storing.

Nowruz - Iranians celebrate this ancient festival and is also important in Amol. Nowruz Khani, or singing for Nowruz, is a Tabari Gilani tradition in which in the latest days of the year before the Persian New Year (Nowrooz), people go at the door of their neighbors and sing songs about the impending coming of the spring.

Locho wrestling has been held in the north of Iran in Mazandaran as a traditional, frank, and ancient sport for 1600 years. This wrestling, which is also known as the Locho heroic sport, has a particular position in the culture and valuable beliefs of the locals, and now, it is a national registered heritage.

Old city

Old district of Amol

The main body of the old city of Amol is located in the old bazaar of Amol. The old bazaar is the main pillar and core of the city's organizer, and its original existence dates back to before Islam and its core 900 years ago. The main constituents of the city Bazaar Amol, known as Paein Baazar or Bazaar Chaharsogh situated in the city center, have lost some of their former importance due to social, economic, and historical reasons. The roofs of the shops here are made of earthenware tiles on an incline so as to be a protection against the sun and rain. The open spaces within, are used to set up weekly bazaars.

Historic mosques and old houses located along the market and tribal quarters of the people are also available in the market. Tuesday era Sassanid, Qajar and contemporary is evident in the alleys of the market and its neighborhoods.

Historical and natural attractions

In City and County:

Mount Damavand is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the Middle East. It has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore.

Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg (Tomb of Qavam al-Din Marashi)

Lar Dam

Lar National Park

Mosque of Hasan al-Utrush Originally a small tomb tower before renovation.

Sayyid Haydar Amoli (Seyyed Se Tan Tomb tower)

Moalagh Bridge

Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge

Shahandasht Waterfall

Amol Bazaar

Amol History Museum

Malek Bahman Castle

Nassereddin Shah relief (known as Shekl-e Shah)

Jameh Mosque of Amol

Agha Abbas Mosque

Kafar Koli Caves

Yakhi Waterfall

Deryouk Waterfall

Shah Abbasi Baths

Fire Temple of Amol (known as Shams Al-Rasol)

Imamzadeh Ibrahim

Lost historic monuments

There were many other historic monuments in Amol which have been destroyed throughout history.

Here is a list of some of the most famous lost monuments:

Amol government house (Dar al-Hakuma),

The dome of Iraj son of Fereydoun,

The house and bathhouse of Khajeh Yaghoub Majusi,

Ameleh Palace and Tomb,

Mashhad Sheikh Abu Turab, Sheikh Zahid Firooi tomb,

Shrine Hassan ibn Hamza Alavi,

Shrine of Sharaf al-Din,

Shahriar Taj al-Dawla shrine,

Malik Ashtar mosque and minaret,

Firoozabad palace,

Fortification Amol,

Palace Khosrow Parviz,

Parthian Fortress,

Chaikhori mansion,

Qal'eh Dokhtar,

Afshar Soldiers camp,

Khalidsara castle,

Mahaneh Sar castle,

Kahrud castle,

Gabri tower,

Eight caravanserais,

Souvenir

List:

Transportation

Air base

Amol is an air base with two helicopters relief Hilal Ahmar. This is the first center of Iran's air rescue.

By rail

In 1886, during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, an 8.7 km 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge horse-driven suburban railway was established south of Tehran, which was later converted to steam. This line was closed in 1952. The First Iranian railway was set up in 1887 between Mahmudabad and Amol; its construction was completely private. However, it was not used because of several problems.

In the modern times, fast train from north, Tehran to Amol started in 2013 and stopped working in 2020.

By car and bus

Amol has the largest urban boulevard and highways within Mazandaran. In the city there are five bus terminals. Terminal International Firuzi is the largest terminal in North of Iran.

There is an extensive bus route throughout the entire municipality as well as numerous public and private taxi services.

Road

Haraz Road (Road 77) is the most important road from Tehran to northern Iran (province of Mazandaran) besides Karaj-Chaloos. This road passes from the valley of Haraz river and therefore is also known as Haraz Road between Amol and Rudehen. Haraz road is the nearest road to Mount Damavand, the highest peak in Iran and Middle East. Lar National Park is accessible via this road. The road is the shortest route from Tehran to the north (180 km). In recent years, some parts of the road have been widened and safety has been improved. The ancient road is part of the Haraz road near Vana where ancient relics of the Old Road to Amol are visible. The road was replaced by the Veresk Road. Amol is the city with the largest boulevards and highways of Mazandaran. Haraz International Road is one of Iran's most important roads to Amol, which connects other cities to northern Iran. Roads such as Amol-Babol, Amol-Mahmoudabad (Coastal Road), Amol-Fereydunkenar and Amol-Noor can also be reached.

Customs

In the old days, there was a large international port, which was a major trading port in northern Iran. It has become the city of Mahmoudabad (Ahlam). Now Amol Customs is being operated as part of Central Customs. It is located in the city of Amol and Amol products are exported to other cities under the supervision of Amol under water, land and air borders.

Science

In the third to ninth centuries, Amol had 70 Khanqah and universities. In the 11th century, Nizam al-Mulk recommended in the Siyasatnama the creation of the Nizamiyyas, modern institutions with academic status in the large cities of the Islamic world, such as Balkh, Baghdad, Damascus, Nishapur and Bukhara. The name of Amol was also included among them. Most of the Allameh of Iran are born in this city. Also the first seminary by Hasan al-Utrush was built in Amol, which was later named Imam Hassan Askari Mosque. Amol at various times was the center of science and culture in Iran, for example, Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Avicenna. Three great men of Iran so-named Polymath respectively students Abul-Abbas Qassab Amoli, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, Siraj Qumri and Abu Abdullah Al-Natili all three were born and residents of Amol. Also great historian of the world Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, was from Amol. Today likewise, scientific centers such as universities and schools and scientific congresses are active in the city. This branch of Pasteur Institute of Iran is located in the city of Amol in the state of Mazandaran. This institute comprises different departments. Amol with University of Special Modern Technologies and Tehran with Tehran University of Medical Sciences hosted the Special Modern Technologies USERN.

Colleges and universities

Some of the biggest universities of Iran such as Shomal University are situated in Amol.

Schools

In Amol, the first new school was established in Niaki neighborhood next to Seyed Hassan Attar residential house, owned by Shir Mohammad Ali Gazaneh, with three classrooms called the Islamic National School. They were able to sign a contract with two brothers, Haji Khan and Mahmoud Khan Golpayegani. The school was opened and started with the management of Haji Khan and Mahmoud Khan's teacher in 1904, one year before the victory of the Persian Constitutional Revolution.

Other schools were built during the Pahlavi era, such as Malekzadeh High School, Farhang School, Shahdookht School, Iran Girls' Elementary School, Nusrat School, Shariatzadeh School, Tabari High School, Danesh national primary School and Pahlavi High School.

Pahlavi High School that's today is known as Imam Khomeini High School, it was built in 1934 by German architecture engineers. The school was in 2019 registered to Iran National Heritage List.

Sport

Wrestling, Volleyball, Handball, Futsal, Basketball, Boxing, Race car, Mountaineering, Bodybuilding, Karate, Taekwondo and Kung Fu Popular sports in Amol.

Kalleh Mazandaran is a volleyball club based in Amol, Asian Club Champions 2013, currently competing in the highest tier of the Iranian volleyball classification, the Iranian Volleyball Super League. Kalleh a Most Popular in Iran and Asia. Kalleh Sports Club also has a basketball team named Kalleh Basketball and Young team volleyball named Kalleh Javan.

Wrestling and volleyball

Amol is the birthplace of many popular Wrestlers and Volleyball athletes.

Notable Athlete from Amol include like, Ghasem Rezaei Olympic gold and bronze medalist and Adel Gholami player in national team.

Stadium

Payambar Azam Arena

Chamran Stadium

Kalleh Stadium

Host

2007 WAFF Futsal Championship

West Asian Basketball Championship

International Fajr Chess Championships 2018

International Conference of Sport Science 2017

FIVB Volleyball Coaches Course Level II held in Iran 2018

Asia Chess Championship 2017

Media and Cinema

Many newspapers and publications were published from Amol since the constitution was a major strength in Mazandaran province. Now, several newspapers and weekly print are active. The first newspaper in Amol was in the name of Mazandaran. Lesan Mellat and Shamshir Mellat was first printed in 1949.

There are 3 cinemas. Farhang Cinema was the first Amol cinema to be built by Ebrahim Monfared in 1952 with a capacity of 200 seats. Moulin Rouge, Metropole and Arash are the other cinemas in the city that were built before the revolution.

In literature

The first mention of Aryan dynasty is found in Ferdowsi masterpiece n the Persian epic, Shahnameh.The name Amol has come up 16 times directly in Shahnameh. In Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when Fereydun sets its capital in city called Amol:

Distance

The distance of major Iranian cities from Amol: