Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, was an English statesman. He held senior political office under both the Commonwealth of England and Charles II, serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1661 to 1672 and Lord Chancellor from 1672 to 1673. During the Exclusion Crisis (1679–1681), Ashley-Cooper headed the movement to bar the Catholic heir, James II, from the royal succession, which is often seen as the origin of the Whig party. He was the first patron of John Locke, who, when they met was a quiet Oxford don and practising physician; as part of Ashley-Cooper's household and retinue for 15 years, Locke became a major political philosopher.
- Occupation
- politician, judge, writer, jurist
- Position held
- Member of Parliament in the Parliament of England, President of the Board of Trade, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Member of the April 1640 Parliament
