Bristol Museum & Art Gallery is a large museum and art gallery in Bristol, England. The museum is situated in Clifton, about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) from the city centre. As part of Bristol Culture and Creative Industries it is run by Bristol City Council with no entrance fee.
The museum holds designated museum status, granted by the national government to protect outstanding museums. The designated collections include: geology, Eastern art, and Bristol's history, including English delftware.
The museum includes sections on natural history as well as local, national and international archaeology. The art gallery contains works from all periods, including many by internationally famous artists, as well a collection of modern paintings of Bristol.
In the summer of 2009 the museum hosted an exhibition by Banksy featuring more than 70 works of art, including animatronics and installations and was his largest exhibition. It was developed in secrecy and with no advance publicity, but soon gained worldwide attention.
The building is of Edwardian Baroque architecture and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.
Contents
History
The Museum and Art Gallery's origins lie in the foundation, in 1823, of the Bristol Institution for the Advancement of Science and Art, sharing brand-new premises at the bottom of Park Street (about 400 metres (440 yd) downhill from the current site) with the slightly older Bristol Literary and Philosophical Society. The neoclassical building was designed by Sir Charles Robert Cockerell (1788–1863), who was later to complete the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, and build St. George's Hall, Liverpool, and was later used as the Freemasons Hall.
In April 1871, the Bristol Institution merged with the Bristol Library Society, and on 1 April 1872 a new combined museum and library building in Venetian Gothic style was opened at the top of Park Street. The lease on the former Bishop's College building next door, which had been the Library Society's home since 1855, passed to the local army reserve unit, whose drill hall lay behind it; it became the Victoria (later Salisbury) Club and a restaurant. The old Institution building was sold to the Freemasons. Although the new building was extended in 1877, by the 1890s the Museum and Library Association was struggling financially, and even unable to pay its curator, Edward Wilson (1848–1898). Negotiations with the city corporation culminated in the transfer of the whole organisation and premises to Bristol city corporation on 31 May 1894. Wilson remained Curator until his death – only this time he was actually paid!
However, in June 1899 the site of the Salisbury Club was offered for sale to the city, the tobacco baron, Sir William Henry Wills (1830–1911, later Lord Winterstoke) offering £10,000 to help buy the site and build a new City Art Gallery on it. Designed by Frederick Wills in an Edwardian Baroque style work on the new building started in 1901, and opened in February 1905 with an inaugural address by Sir Hubert von Herkomer. It was built in a rectangular open plan in 2 sections each consisting of a large hall with barrel-vaulted glazed roofs, separated by a double staircase. It incorporated a Museum of Antiquities, as it had been decided during the planning stage that Assyrian, Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities should be grouped with art in the new structure, rather than remaining with the natural history collections that remained in the old building. Stone tools continued to reside with the geology collections within natural history. Yet more space became available to museum displays when Bristol Central Library moved down the hill to College Green in 1906. The vacant rooms were reconstructed as invertebrate and biology galleries.
Collection
The art galleries include a collection of Chinese Glass and the "Schiller collection" of Eastern Art collected by Ferdinand Nassau Schiller, and bequeathed by his younger brother Frederick P. M. "Max" Schiller, the Recorder of Bristol from 1935 to 1946. It contains a range of Chinese ceramics wares spanning different dynastic periods. Particularly fine pieces include a number of white, light blue and green-glazed (Ying Qing and Qingbai) wares from the Tang (AD 618–960) and Song (AD 960–1279) dynasties. It also holds a collection of Bristol blue glass. The museum also acquired 164 mainly 18th-century English drinking glasses from the late Peter Lazarus's collection in 1983.
The Egyptology gallery contains mummies and other items, including a wall decoration made over 3,000 years ago – the Assyrian Reliefs, which were transferred from the Royal West of England Academy. It also has a significant collection of Egyptian antiquities, a considerable number derived from the excavations of the Egypt Exploration Society – such as the stela of Meni – and the British School of Archaeology in Egypt. A completely rebuilt Egyptian gallery opened in 2007.
A natural history gallery contains examples of aquatic habitats in the south west of England and an interactive map of local wildlife sites and a freshwater aquarium containing fish typical of the region.
The museum also holds many of the prehistoric and Roman artefacts recovered before the flooding of Chew Valley Lake, and other local archaeological finds such as those from Pagans Hill Roman Temple and the Orpheus Mosaic from Newton St Loe.
The artwork galleries include Old Masters, the French School, British Collection, Modern Art and the Bristol School.
In 2012 the museum was given the entire 50,000 piece collection of the former British Empire and Commonwealth Museum.
Funding and support
The museum is one of several in the city supported by Bristol Museums, which in 2019 was funded 36% by Bristol City Council, 23% by Arts Council England grants, and the remainder from sources including donations, ticket and souvenir sales, and venue hire. From 2012 to 2018, Bristol Museums was one of 16 Arts Council England "Major Partner Museums", and from 2015–18 it received £4.7 million from the programme. After Arts Council England replaced the Major Partner Museums programme with the National Portfolio, Bristol Museums has been granted £1.34 million per year from 2018 to 2022, and £1.36 million per year from 2022 to 2026.
The Friends of Bristol Art Gallery has supported the gallery since 1947, acquiring over 300 works of art for the gallery. The Friends of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery was founded in 1977 (first known as the "Bristol Magpies") to support the principal sites of Bristol's museums, galleries and archives service.
Related museums and sites
Other museums and sites administered by Bristol Culture and Creative Industries are M Shed, Blaise Castle House Museum, the Red Lodge Museum, the Georgian House Museum, Bristol Archives and Kings Weston Roman Villa. The Bristol Industrial Museum, which closed in 2006 reopened in June 2011 as a museum called M Shed dedicated to telling the story of Bristol.