Charles Gladdish Rosher, A.S.C. (17 November 1885 – 15 January 1974) was a British-American cinematographer who worked from the early days of silent films through the 1950s.
He was Mary Pickford's favourite cinematographer and a personal friend, shooting all of the films in which she starred from 1918 to 1927, before they had a falling-out during production of Coquette (1929). He was the first cinematographer to receive an Academy Award, along with Karl Struss, for Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and won again for The Yearling (1946), with Leonard Smith and Arthur Arling. He was also nominated four times.
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Biography
Rosher was born Charles Gladdish Rosher on 17 November 1885 in London. According to an interview of him in the documentary The Image Makers: The Adventures of America's Pioneer Cinematographers, he was originally unhappily studying naval architecture, but enrolled in London Polytechnic's school of photography, photography being a hobby of his. He eventually became an assistant to Richard Speaight, the official photographer of the British royal family.
After attending a conference in Rochester, New York in 1908, he decided to stay in the United States, as the pay was much better and he did not have to wear a morning coat. He became a newsreel cameraman. In 1910, he went to work for David Horsley in his production company in New Jersey. Because early film was largely restricted to using daylight, Horsley relocated his production company to Hollywood in 1911, taking Rosher with him, and opened the first movie studio there. This made Rosher the first full-time cameraman in Hollywood.
In 1913, Rosher went to Mexico to shoot newsreel footage of Pancho Villa's rebellion. Rosher became a naturalised American citizen on 6 September 1918. In January 1919, he was one of the 15 founders of the American Society of Cinematographers and served as the group's first vice-president. In the 1920s, he was one of the more sought-after cinematographers in Hollywood, and was a personal favourite of stars such as Mary Pickford, working with her, first on A Little Princess (1917), then on all the films she acted in from How Could You, Jean? (1918) to My Best Girl (1927).
However, they had a falling out over the restrictions the sound department wanted to impose in shooting Coquette (1929), Pickford's first talking picture, and Karl Struss took over the cinematography. His work with Struss on F. W. Murnau's 1927 film Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans is viewed as a milestone in cinematography and won the pair the first Academy Award for cinematography in 1929. He shot five films for producer David O. Selznick, including Rockabye (1932), Our Betters (1933) and Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936).
Rosher worked at several studios, but spent the last 12 years of his career exclusively at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, shooting such films as Annie Get Your Gun, Show Boat, Kiss Me Kate, and The Yearling.
Personal life
Rosher was married at least 4 times. On 14 February 1913, Rosher married Lolita Rosher (née Hayes) in El Paso with whom he had the actress Joan Marsh. Rosher later married the actress Doris Patricia Rosher (née Cubitt) on 6 January 1925, the same year he was rumoured to be the lover of the then 20 year old Anna May Wong. On 9 June 1934, Rosher married the actress Odette Duval (née Guazoni) with whom he had the cinematographer Charles Rosher Jr. (1935–2015). Rosher later remarried Doris and she is listed as his wife on his death report.
On 16 January 1974, Rosher died in Lisbon, Portugal at the British Hospital in Lisbon aged 88. Rosher was buried in Estoril.
Awards and nominations
In addition, Rosher received Photoplay magazine's Gold Medal, and the only fellowship awarded by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers.
Filmography
* indicates a Pickford film.