The Count of Santar (in Portuguese: Conde de Santar) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by King Carlos I by decree of 23 January 1904 for José Pedro Paulo de Melo de Figueiredo Pais do Amaral, 2nd Viscount of Taveiro.
The title is associated with the House of Santar and Magalhães, a manor house in the village of Santar, in the municipality of Nelas, which has belonged to the same family since the 16th century. Through the marriage of the 3rd Countess to the claimant to the title of Marquis of Santa Iria, the representation of the countship became linked to the houses of Santa Iria, Alva, Óbidos, Sabugal and Palma.
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History
Origins of the House of Santar
The estate that became the House of Santar was made a lordship and granted the privileges of a coutada (an exempt estate) in the 13th century by Sancho II. At the time it was known as Quinta do Casal Bom or, according to another source, Quinta do Bom Sucesso. In the 16th century it passed to the Pais do Amaral family, and João Gonçalves do Amaral began building the original core of the house. The entailed estate (vínculo) of Santar was founded by Francisco Pais do Amaral and his wife, Dona Francisca Pais, in 1660 or 1670, depending on the source. In the late 17th century, the marriage of the heiress, Dona Maria Luísa Pais do Amaral, to Francisco Lucas de Melo brought the Melo line into the house.
Over sixteen generations the family built up a significant collection, which includes the vestments and portrait of Cardinal Pedro Paulo de Figueiredo de Melo e Cunha. His services to the Crown led to the title of Viscount of Taveiro being granted to his great-niece, whose son became the 1st Count of Santar.
Origins of the title
The title of Count of Santar arose from the line of the Viscounts of Taveiro. The 1st Viscountess, Dona Maria Rosa de Figueiredo da Cunha de Eça Abreu e Melo Pereira de Lacerda e Lemos (1832–1882), married José de Melo Pais do Amaral de Sousa Pereira de Vasconcelos e Meneses, 7th administrator of the entailed estate of Santar, who was allowed to use his wife's title from 1849.
Their son, José Pedro Paulo de Melo de Figueiredo Pais do Amaral (1853–1914), was recognised as 2nd Viscount of Taveiro by decree of King Luís I of 11 July 1878, and was made Count of Santar by decree of King Carlos I of 23 January 1904.
After the 2nd Count, who had no children, the representation of the title passed to the line of his younger brother. That brother's granddaughter, Dona Maria Teresa de Lancastre de Melo, represented the titles of Count of Santar and Viscount of Taveiro. Her marriage in 1947 to José Luís de Andrade de Vasconcelos e Sousa, claimant to the title of Marquis of Santa Iria, joined the representation of the countship with those of the houses of Óbidos, Sabugal, Palma and Alva.
Properties
The oldest part of the House of Santar and Magalhães, the family's manor house in the village of Santar, dates from the Manueline period, and the house was extended in several later building campaigns. The chapel, dedicated to Saint Francis of Assisi, and the so-called Old Kitchen, begun around 1690 and fitted with an indoor fountain under a dome, date from the second half of the 17th century. The wine cellars, the central courtyard and the Horses' Fountain (Chafariz dos Cavalos), dated 1790, were built in the 18th century, and in the early 20th century the house gained a new colonnaded gallery.
The Baroque gardens are laid out along a central axis that runs through a series of terraces edged with clipped box and topped with topiary pyramids, ending in a terrace with a large elliptical granite pool. The layout has similarities with the gardens of the Biscainhos Palace in Braga. The veranda overlooking the garden is decorated with figuras de convite (welcoming figures) representing the four seasons, painted on azulejos by José Maria Pereira Júnior, known as Pereira Cão. The 2nd Count of Santar also commissioned him to make the tile panels on the Horses' Fountain, which show horsemen bearing the family's quarterings. The house also displays the christening cape of the 1st Marquis of Santa Iria, whose godparents were King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette.
In 2013 the heirs of the house launched the Santar Vila Jardim project, which linked several of the village's historic gardens and opened them to the public, following a plan by the Spanish landscape architect Fernando Caruncho. The project also led to a joint wine production, with Pedro de Vasconcelos e Sousa as oenologist. In October 2018 the house hosted the annual conference of the Portuguese Association of Historic Gardens (Associação Portuguesa dos Jardins Históricos).
Claimants under the Republic
Following the establishment of the Republic in 1910, the state stopped granting titles of nobility. Since then, the following members of the family have claimed to represent the title: