Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburg (27 July 1559 – 5 March 1618) was a German alchemist. She was a Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken by birth and by marriage Countess of Oettingen-Oettingen.
Life
Barbara was born in Neuburg, a daughter of Duke and Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken (1526–1569) from his marriage to Anna (1529–1591), the daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse.
On 7 November 1591, she married Count Gottfried of Oettingen-Oettingen (1554–1622) in Oettingen. She was his second wife. She brought a dowry of 14,000guilder into the marriage. In 1594, Barbara gave birth to a daughter named Jakobina, but she died later that year.
Countess Barbara of Oettingen studied alchemy intensively and is considered one of the most important women in the history of the field. She employed several alchemists and corresponded extensively on this subject with her nephew, Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. Barbara also performed numerous experiments for Emperor Rudolf II in his residence in Prague, until she was expelled from the court.
Barbara died in Oettingen in 1618 was buried beside her husband in the Castle Church of St. Michael in Harburg. Their tomb is decorated figure of the Countess at the side of her husband and his first wife.