Dynamo or Dinamo (Russian: Динамо, romanized: Dinamo; Ukrainian: Динамо, romanized: Dynamo; Belarusian: Дынама, romanized: Dynama; Georgian: დინამო, romanized: dinamo) is a public sports and fitness society with its headquarters in Moscow, Russia. It was originally created in 1923 in the Soviet Union as an all-Soviet sports organization, with branches established within each union republic. The society functioned as an association of multi-sport clubs in various cities, with athletes historically drawn from the NKVD and, after World War II, from the MVD and the KGB.
With the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe after World War II, similar Dynamo societies were established throughout the Eastern Bloc, such as SV Dynamo in East Germany. In 1960, the All-Russian sports and fitness society Dynamo was established and operated on the territory of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Dynamo central office merged into the All-Russian sports and fitness society Dynamo, while the Dynamo offices of other union republics, which became independent nations, began functioning as separate foreign organizations.
Today, Dynamo operates as a multi-sport association and fitness society headquartered in Moscow, Russia, maintaining its historical network of sports clubs across Russia and cooperating with former Dynamo organizations in other post-Soviet states and Eastern European countries.
Contents
Overview
Name
The name given to the society was supposed to mean "Power in Motion", taken from the Greek: δύναμις; dynamis -power, and Latin: motio, -motion. Not coincidentally, this term was first coined by a Belgian inventor, Zénobe Gramme, for the electrical generator. Dynamo, together with the Armed Forces sports societies, made up the universal system of physical education and sports of the USSR. Forty-five sports disciplines were sanctioned by the society in 1971. It had some 6,000 sports facilities and 43 Children and Youth Sport Schools.
History
The "Dinamo" society was officially created on 18 April 1923, on Felix Dzerzhinsky's initiative and under the sponsorship of the State Political Directorate (GPU), the Soviet political police, the predecessor of other later created Soviet security structures such as KGB, NKVD and MVD. For the rest of the society's history in the Soviet period, it maintained some connection with the state security apparatus. The forerunner of Dynamo was the State Political Directorate Physical Culture society that existed since 1917.
On 12 August 1923 in Moscow at Orlovo-Davydovsky pereulok (lane) was opened the first Dynamo stadium named after Dzerzhinsky. On 23 August 1923 the presidium of the Moscow Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo reviewed a petition of the Penza Governorate GPU Political Department about establishing of the local Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo. This was the first practical step in development of departmental sports society on nationwide scale. On 1 – 16 September 1923 the Moscow Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo participated in the First All-Union Festival of Physical Culture in Moscow. On 11 September 1923 the Moscow Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo dispatched two of its members to Petrograd to organize local Dynamo society in the city. On 2 October 1923 the All-Union Council of Physical Culture considering specifics of the GPU activities admitted as practical the existence of the GPU sports organization "Dynamo". On 16 October 1923 the All-Union Council of Physical Culture adopted a resolution "About Central Council of the PSS Dynamo". On 11 December 1923 Dynamo opened its own cinema theater at Rusakovskaya ulica in Moscow.
On 2 January 1924 there was opened the first Dynamo specialized store at Kuznetsky bridge in Moscow. On 1 August 1924 Genrikh Yagoda was appointed one of the members of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture from OGPU. On 1 October 1924 OGPU issued its order "On establishment of the Central Council of proletarian sports societies (PSS) Dynamo and about organization of local PSS Dynamo". The Central Council was officially founded on 8 October, but its functions continued to be performed by council of the Moscow PSS Dynamo until April 1926.
On 22 November 1927 the society became a sponsor of Fizkultura i sport publisher and mandated its members to subscribe to the publisher's magazine. On 8 August 1929 took place a final match of the First All-Union football championship of Dynamo society, which involved over 40 teams. During the game Dynamo Moscow beat Dynamo Ukraine becoming the first champions. In 1932 there existed 309 regional PSS and 2249 district-level cells of Dynamo.
Structure
Currently, Dynamo is an All-Russian fitness-sports society based in Moscow. The society also has several affiliations abroad in Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Moldova, Romania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
There is the International coordination council of Dynamo's organizations which includes:
Sports Association "Interclub" of Ministry of Interior (Albania)
Sports Public Organization "Dynamo" (Armenia)
Republican State-Public Union "Belarusian Fitness-Sports Society Dynamo"
Fitness-Sports Club "Dynamo" (Georgia)
Sports Organization "Fiamme ORO" of Ministry of Interior (Italy)
Public Union "Fitness-Sports Society Dynamo" (Kazakhstan)
Public Union "Kyrgyz Fitness-Sports Society Dynamo"
Sports Society "Dynamo" (Latvia)
Central Sports Club "Dynamo" of Ministry of Interior (Moldova)
Sports Organization "Khuch"
Public-State Union "All-Russian Fitness-Sports Society Dynamo"
Sports Society "Dynamo" (Romania)
Sports Society "Dynamo" of Ministry of Interior (Tajikistan)
Sports Club "Galkan" of Ministry of Interior (Turkmenistan)
Chairs of the Central Council
Chairs of the Society
1923 Felix Dzerzhinsky (honorary)
1923 – 1923 Józef Unszlicht
1923 – 1929 Genrikh Yagoda
1929 – 1931 Stanislav Messing
1931 – 1933 Vsevolod Balitsky
1933 – 1936 Georgy Prokofyev
1936 – 1938 Mikhail Frinovsky
Chairs of the Central Council
1939 – 1941 Ivan Maslennikov
1941 – 1943 Viktor Abakumov (interim)
1943 – 1946 Boris Obruchnikov
1946 – 1948 Arkadiy Apollonov
1950 – 1951 Nikolay Selivanovsky
1951 – 1951 Sergei Goglidze
1951 – 1953 Alexey Yepishev
1953 – 1953 Ivan Maslennikov
1953 – 1960 Semyon Perevyortkin
1973 – 1986 Pyotr Bogdanov
Notable members
Ludmilla Tourischeva (artistic gymnastics)
Natalia Shaposhnikova (artistic gymnastics)
Viktor Saneyev (athletics)
Tatiana Ovechkina (basketball)
Aleksandr Tikhonov (biathlon)
Valeri Popenchenko (boxing)
Uladzimir Parfianovich (canoeing)
David Bronstein (chess)
Vyacheslav Vedenin (cross-country skiing)
Gintautas Umaras (cycling)
Vadym Gutzeit (fencing)
Alexandr Romankov (fencing)
Iosif Vitebskiy (born 1938), epee fencer, Soviet Ukrainian Olympic medalist and world champion and fencing coach
Aleksandr Gorshkov (figure skating)
Lev Yashin (football)
Vyacheslav Atavin (handball)
Aleksandr Maltsev (ice hockey)
Viktor Kosichkin (speed skating)
Igor Polyansky (swimming)
Alex Metreveli (tennis)
Yury Zakharevich (weightlifting)
Viktoria Komova (artistic gymnastics)