Fukushima (written: 福島) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Chisato Fukushima (福島 千里; born 1988), Japanese sprinter
Haruka Fukushima (フクシマ ハルカ), Japanese manga artist
Jun Fukushima (福島 潤; born 1976), Japanese voice actor
Keido Fukushima (福島 慶道; 1933–2011), Japanese Zen Buddhist
Koji Fukushima (福島 康司; born 1973), Japanese cyclist
Kunihiko Fukushima, Japanese computer scientist
Masami Fukushima (福島 正実; 1929–1976), Japanese science fiction editor, translator and writer
Fukushima Masanori (福島 正則; 1561–1624), Japanese daimyō
Kikujirō Fukushima (福島 菊次郎; 1921–2015), Japanese photojournalist
Mizuho Fukushima (福島 瑞穂; born 1955), Japanese politician, chairperson of Social Democratic Party
Rila Fukushima (福島 リラ), Japanese fashion model and actress
Shigeo Fukushima (福島 滋雄; born 1943), Japanese swimmer
Shinichi Fukushima (福島 晋一; born 1971), Japanese cyclist
Tadashi Fukushima (runner) (福島 正; born 1964), Japanese long-distance runner
Takanori Fukushima (福島 孝徳; born 1942), Japanese neurosurgeon
Fukushima Yasumasa (福島 安正; 1852–1919), Japanese general
Yuki Fukushima (福島 由紀; born 1993), Japanese badminton player
Yumiko Fukushima (福島 弓子), former Japanese announcer, wife of Ichiro Suzuki