Lieutenant Colonel Sir Henry Lionel Galway, (25 September 1859 – 17 June 1949) was a British Army officer and served as the Governor of South Australia from 18 April 1914 to 30 April 1920. His name was Henry Lionel Gallwey until 1911.
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Early life
Henry Lionel Gallwey was born on 25 September 1859 at Alverstoke, Hampshire, England, to Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Lionel Gallwey and his second wife, Alicia Dorinda Lefanu, née MacDougall. He was educated at Cheltenham College.
Military career
After attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Gallwey was commissioned in 1878. He served as an aide-de-camp to the governors of Bermuda, was promoted to captain in 1887.
Gallwey was appointed deputy commissioner and vice-consul in the newly established Oil Rivers Protectorate (later the Niger Coast Protectorate) in 1891. In March 1892, he convinced the Oba of Benin, Ovonramwen, into signing a 'treaty of friendship' that would make the Kingdom of Benin a British colony, however it is unclear as to whether Ovonramwen understood the treaty as doing so. Instead, the oba issued an edict barring all British officials and traders from entering Benin territories. The 'Gallwey Treaty', became the legal basis for the Benin Expedition of 1897, which overthrew the Kingdom of Benin. Captain Gallwey commanded one of the three columns of the expedition.