Uppingham
Rules of football for Uppingham School had been created under the supervision of Charles Thring's brother Edward in 1857. They allowed the ball to be carried in a similar fashion to the Rugby rules.
During his time as a resident master at Uppingham (1859–1864), Charles Thring became intensely involved in efforts to create a common code of football. His interest seems to have been stimulated by the publication in the 14 December 1861 issue of The Field of an article calling for such a common code. Thring immediately responded with a letter criticising the Rugby code in strong terms, referring to its allowance of "hacking" (kicking opponents' shins) as "a blot", "thoroughly un-English", and "barbarous". In its place, Thring urged the following as the "very first principles of football":
the ball should be kept on the ground as much as possible
players should be "always behind the ball" (Thring objected to the Rugby offside law as being too lax, since it allowed an offside player to rejoin play after an opponent touched the ball)
Thring went on to describe in some detail the features of his proposed game, which featured a round ball, a "barrel-shaped" playing area, a goal scored by kicking the ball under rather than over the bar, and an extremely strict offside law.
During the first half of 1862, Thring continued to engage in discussion of the merits of different rules of football via correspondence published in The Field. This culminated in his publication, later in 1862, of a pamphlet entitled The Rules of Foot-ball: The Winter Game. Revised for the use of schools. The pamphlet proposed a set of laws for what Thring called "The Simplest Game":
A goal is scored whenever the ball is forced through the goal and under the bar, except it be thrown by hand.
Hands may be used only to stop a ball and place it on the ground before the feet.
Kicks must be aimed only at the ball.
A player may not kick the ball whilst in the air.
No tripping up or heel kicking allowed.
Whenever a ball is kicked beyond the side flags, it must be returned by the player who kicked it, from the spot it passed the flag line in a straight line towards the middle of the ground.
When a ball is kicked behind the line of goal, it shall be kicked off from that line by one of the side whose goal it is.
No player may stand within six paces of the kicker when he is kicking off.
A player is 'out of play' immediately he is in front of the ball, and must return behind the ball as soon as possible. If the ball is kicked by his own side past a player, he may not touch or kick it, or advance, until one of the other side has first kicked it, or one of his own side, having followed it up, has been able, when in front of him, to kick it.
No charging allowed when a player is out of play; that is, immediately the ball is behind him.
In a letter to the Daily Telegraph of 24 September 1863, Thring urged the formation of a "parliament [that] could sit with sufficient authority to issue a new code of laws" for football.
When the formation of the Football Association was announced shortly afterwards, Thring responded enthusiastically, sending voluminous correspondence to the Association's secretary Ebenezer Morley. In a letter dated 13 November, Thring wrote that Uppingham School was "extremely desirous of joining" the association. In another communication dated the following day, he promised to send the necessary subscription. These letters made a notable contrast with the generally negative attitude of other public schools (Charterhouse and Harrow had both refused to participate, Shrewsbury would subsequently do so, and Rugby, Eton and Winchester failed to reply at all).
Thring offered several suggestions as to the rules the FA ought to adopt. He advocated for the use of a crossbar, and objected to the draft rules' allowance of hacking and carrying the ball. The FA would go on to remove hacking and carrying from its draft rules, under the influence of the Cambridge Rules of 1863. Thring's suggested crossbar was not, however, included in the FA's 1863 laws, which allowed a goal to be scored at any height; a tape (corresponding to the crossbar) would not be introduced until the second edition of the FA's laws, in 1866. Thring's objection to the use of the term "touch" (for the area that was out of play on either side of the ground) was also ignored.
The offside rule from The Simplest Game was unanimously adopted by the FA at its meeting of 17 November 1863, and appeared in the first draft of the rules created by Morley, but it was replaced in later drafts with a modified version of the equivalent law from the Cambridge rules.
Thring requested permission to include the FA's rules (along with the Cambridge rules of October 1863), in an expanded reissue of The Winter Game. He would go on to bring out this second edition of his work in December 1863.
In 1867, Thring sent another letter to the FA's general meeting. He repeated his objection to the use of the term "touch", and also expressed disapproval of the FA offside law, which had been relaxed the previous year. These objections were once again ignored. Thring also objected to the "touch down" tie-breaker which had been introduced by the FA in 1866; this was removed from the laws as the result of a proposal by Wanderers FC.
