Kebayoran Baru is a district (Indonesian: kecamatan) in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The name was derived from a planned satellite city of the same name which was developed in the post-war period. Kebayoran Baru was the last residential area to be developed by the Dutch colonial administration. The urban planning was laid in a concept of the Garden city movement, consisting of a well-planned residential area, a shopping center, and a business district, supported with civic facilities such as schools, places of worship, hospitals, and parks. Today, the district is home to many important government institutions, such as the Indonesia Stock Exchange building, the ASEAN Headquarters building, the National Police headquarters, and the City Hall of South Jakarta. Sudirman Central Business District is also located in the district.
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Toponym
The literal meaning of Kebayoran Baru is "New Kebayoran". The word kebayoran itself is derived from kabayuran, meaning "stockpiles of bayur wood (Pterospermum javanicum)". Kabayuran or Kebayuran refers to the name of a settlement Kampung Kabayuran (older Dutch spelling Kamp. Kabajoeran), located outside Batavia on the west bank of Grogol River. The settlement was located near an area where stockpiles of timber (including bayur wood) were established to be transported to Batavia via the river. Bayur wood is known for its strength and resistance to termite attack. The Kampung Kabayuran settlement thrived in the early 19th-century but has since been urbanized. This settlement was located roughly on what is now the Kebayoran Railway Station.
Government
As a district, the area of Kebayoran Baru is larger than the historic Kebayoran Baru satellite city, including the southern area of Kebayoran Baru and the Sudirman Central Business District to the northeast. The rough boundaries of Kebayoran Baru district are Sudirman Avenue to the northwest, Gatot Subroto Road to the northeast, Krukut River to the east, Cipete Utara Road - Haji Nawi Road to the south, and Grogol River to the west.
The district of Kebayoran Baru is divided into ten kelurahan or subdistricts:
History
This subsection focuses on the area of Kebayoran Baru that was once the Kebayoran Baru satellite city.
The development of Kebayoran Baru satellite town was very quick. The 730 ha land in Kebayoran was initially planned as a new airport, established to replace Kemayoran Airport (1940) whose location blocked the development of Batavia eastward. This plan was replaced with a plan for a satellite town for Batavia, the Kebajoran. The first idea for the satellite town was started in July 1948 and was immediately approved in September 1948. The new satellite town is located relatively close to Tanah Abang - Serpong railway line, enabling the transport of building construction material to the Kebajoran.
Following the approval of the plan, the colonial government began the land acquisition process for Kebayoran satellite town. On January 17, 1949, the land acquisition process for Kebayoran was completed. In February 1949, the first draft of the town's master plan was completed by Moh. Soesilo. Construction of the master plan followed immediately in March 1949, just a month later. Moh. Soesilo was an urban planner in the Centraal Planologisch Bureau and a student of Thomas Karsten, a renowned Dutch engineer who contributed to the urban planning and the development of architecture in colonial Indonesia. Soesilo designed the master plan for Kebayoran Baru and Pejompongan in 1948; these are the first urban center in the country to be designed by a native Indonesian.
The first laying of the stone was done on March 18, 1949. The first area to be designed is now located around Kebayoran station, on the east side of Grogol River. The construction was done by a specially-established Central Foundation for Reconstruction (Dutch: Centrale Stichting Wederopbouw, CSW), whose office was established near the current Attorney General building (Kejaksaan Agung) on June 1, 1948. The development of Kebayoran Baru satellite town was completed in 1955. The satellite town was connected to the center of Jakarta via Thamrin and Sudirman, both constructions started in 1949 and was finally opened in 1953. Before the completion of these roads, car access to Kebayoran Baru was via Jalan Palmerah Utara and Jalan Palmerah Selatan (now Jalan Asia Afrika).
Urban planning
Kebayoran Baru is designed following the principle of a garden city. Kebayoran Baru is a well-planned district, both in term of its urban planning and its infrastructure. Sudirman Avenue is the main road, which connects Kebayoran Baru to the city center in Central Jakarta. The southern quarter of the Semanggi Interchange is located in Kebayoran Baru.
The total planning area is 730 ha, with about 45% was allocated for the residential area, 16% for green space, and 14% for shops and other buildings. The remaining 25% of Kebayoran Baru area was allocated for roads.
Kebayoran Baru is divided into several blocks (Indonesian blok) from A to S. Today the block names of Kebayoran Baru has been largely forgotten, however some of the names linger in the name of the public facility within the urban block. Below is the list of Kebayoran Baru blocks and its landmarks.
Blok A is roughly bounded by Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the east, Jalan Petogogan to the west, Jalan Ketimun I to the south and Jalan Kramat Pela to the north. Blok A is the southwesternmost city block of Kebayoran Baru. The block is designed as a residential area served with the Blok A market to the south end of the block. Blok A is now the western part of Pulo Administrative Village.
Blok B is located north of Blok A. It is the area bounded by Jalan Kramat Pela-Jalan Gandaria I to the south, Jalan Gandaria Tengah III - Jalan Melawai to the north, and Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the east. The area was designed as a residential area west of Jalan Panglima Polim Raya. Several education facilities e.g. Tarakanita 1 Catholic school, and The old cemetery Kuburan Wakaf Sebrang is located in Blok B. Blok B is now part of Kramat Pela Administrative Village.
Blok C is located northeast of Blok B. The block is bounded by Jalan Kyai Maja to the north, Jalan Barito II to the west, Jalan Melawai to the south, and Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the east. The area was designed as a residential area west of Jalan Panglima Polim Raya. The houses along Jalan Barito II were among the first to be constructed in the city block, roughly in 1949 (although very little of the original houses survived), and development of the rest of the block was completed in 1950. Blok C contains several post-war landmarks such as the office complex of the Attorney General (Kejaksaan Agung). Other original landmark of Blok C was the St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church near Bendera Pusaka Park. Blok C is now part of Kramat Pela Administrative Village.
Post-war architecture
Most buildings in Kebayoran Baru were designed following the principle of functionalism, that is making use of the latest building material (reinforced concrete) and taking into consideration the principle of tropical design - to maximize natural lighting while minimizing the heat without the use of electricity. Post-war modernism style e.g. the so-called Yankee-type or Jengki style were popular in Kebayoran Baru, so called because of its heavy influence from the American post-war modernism. For example, middle-class houses in Kebayoran were designed with a square or rectangular layout, but the first floor is tilted forward to protect the facade of the lower level from the sun. Lower-level official houses in Kebayoran make use of front patio. Larger villas in Kebayoran were usually designed by well-known Indies architects at that time such as Job & Sprey and Liem Bwan Tjie. The current Kebayoran Baru district also includes some villages which is not part of the original plan. These additions are now located in Radio area, Gandaria Utara, and Cipete Utara.
Being a design older than 50 years, Kebayoran Baru is considered a cultural heritage (Cagar Budaya) according to Law no. D.IV-6099/d/33/1975. New modern international style developments in the area has been a threat to the historic tropical residential character of Kebayoran Baru.
Radio Kebajoran
To the southwest of the residential area of Kebayoran was the Radio Kebajoran, a radio broadcasting station located just to the west of Block A. The area of radio broadcasting station has never been fully developed, however the name lingers in the name of the streets Jalan Radio Dalam (inner Radio street) and Jalan Antene ("Antennae" street). Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan was formerly named Jalan Radio (Radio Street), the street that leads to the Radio Kebajoran complex. The entire area planned as Radio Kebajoran complex is now located in Gandaria Utara Administrative Village.
Residential district
Kebayoran Baru is one of the most affluent areas of Jakarta, where many wealthy citizens reside. Many prominent Indonesians live in the district, including Jusuf Kalla (Vice President of Indonesia and business tycoon), Guruh Sukarnoputra (son of Sukarno and an artist) with his mother Fatmawati, Hary Tanoesoedibjo (Indonesian media tycoon), and Tomy Winata (businessman and the owner of Artha Graha Bank), among others. Kebayoran Baru, and the district of Menteng, is the most expensive residential districts in Indonesia, having very high land prices per square foot.
Although Kebayoran Baru, in the Sukarno era, was solely a residential area, the district now harbors many commercial ventures, is known for its lifestyle businesses. The southern part of the neighborhood is filled with large mansions with lots ranging from 500 square meters to 6000 square meters. The northern part of the city is dominated by luxury apartments and office buildings. Senayan is notable for its large concentration of businesses run by Korean expatriates in Indonesia, a trend which began as early as 1982.
Landmarks
Blok M central market and bus terminal, which contains the Blok M mall
Blok A and Blok M BCA stations of the Jakarta MRT
Residence of D.I. Pandjaitan
Residence of Sukarno
Sudirman Tower
CSW-ASEAN TOD
Facilities
Because it was conceptualized as a satellite city from the early times, all the facilities that support a community can be found in Kebayoran Baru.
Education
Al-Azhar Mosque and school complex
Jakarta Intercultural School Pattimura Campus
TK Tarakanita 1
SD Tarakanita 1
SMP Tarakanita 5
SMP-SMA Labschool Kebayoran
SMAN 6 Jakarta (6th Public Senior High School Jakarta)
SMAN 46 Jakarta (46th Public Senior High School Jakarta)
SMAN 70 Jakarta (70th Public Senior High School Jakarta)
SMAN 82 Jakarta (82nd Public Senior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 11 Jakarta (11th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 12 Jakarta (12th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 13 Jakarta (13th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 19 Jakarta (19th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 29 Jakarta (29th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 240 Jakarta (240th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
SMPN 250 Jakarta (250th Public Junior High School Jakarta)
Religious
Al-Azhar Great Mosque
Al-Amjad Mosque
Al-Kausar Mosque
Santa Perawan Maria Ratu Paroki Church
Santo Yohanes Penginjil Church
PGI Church
Effatha Church
Health
Pertamina Central Hospital
Brawijaya Women & Children's Hospital
Asih Maternity Hospital
Kebayoran Hospital (closed in 2002)
There are also several puskesmas (health clinic) that mainly serves the lower middle class society.
Commercial
Markets (pasar) managed by the Jakarta Provincial Government (under PD Pasar Jaya) in this sub-district includes:
Blok M Market
Blok A Market
Pasar Cipete
Mayestik Market
Pasar Santa
Along with the development of the city, shopping centers that are managed by the private sector have also emerged. There are also trading centers for specialty goods, although some are not well planned, such as:
Building materials center on Panglima Polim Street
Birds market on Barito street
Auto parts market in Cipete
Flower and ornamental fish market on Radio Dalam
There was once a flower and ornamental fish market in the Barito Park area but since late 2007 the location has been moved to the Radio Dalam area because Barito Park is designated as an open green area.
Blok M Plaza id
Blok M Square id
Pasaraya Grande
Darmawangsa Square shopping center
ITC Fatmawati
ASHTA District 8
Pacific Place Jakarta
Sudirman Central Business District
City parks
As a planned community with the principle of a garden city, Kebayoran Baru have numerous major and minor city parks (taman kota). Here are the list of city parks on Kebayoran Baru.
Bendera Pusaka Park, resulted from the merger of Ayodya, Langsat and Leuser parks.
Puring Park
Kerinci Park
Mataram Park, located between the Sisingamangaraja and Pattimura Street. There is a statue of Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968), a Soviet cosmonaut and the first human in space. The statue was inaugurated to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the diplomatic relations between indonesia and Russia.
Martha Christina Tiahahu Literacy Park, located adjacent to the Blok M area. It was revitalized in 2022 to be part of the transit-oriented development of Blok M BCA MRT station. The park has several facilities for literacy activities, such as libraries, discussion rooms and book stores. Thus, Martha Christina Tiahahu Literacy Park is a combination between a city park and a library.
Suryo Park
Melawai Park
Dharmawangsa Park
Gandaria Tengah Park
Sanjaya Park
Daha Park
Mendawai Park
Wijaya Park
Mayestik Park
Prapanca Park
Government
Ministry of Public Works and Housing
Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning id
Attorney General's Office of Indonesia
Indonesian National Police Headquarters
ASEAN Secretariat
Embassies of
Suriname
Tanzania
Uzbekistan
South Jakarta City Hall
Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police Headquarters (Polda Metro Jaya)
Others
State Electricity Company (PLN) building
Indonesia Stock Exchange