Mirza Muhammad Sultan (Persian: میرزا محمد سلطان) (30 December 1639 – 14 December 1676) was the eldest son of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his second wife Nawab Bai. His younger brother Muazzam later became Emperor as Bahadur Shah I in 1707.
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Life
In April 1656, Muhammad Sultan was appointed Heir Apparent by his father-in-law Abdullah Qutb Shah, Sultan of Golconda and Hyderabad.
When the succession war of the Mughal Empire began in 1657, he joined his father-in-law Shah Shuja, and was appointed Chief-in-Commander and Principal Counsellor in 1659.
He rejoined his father on 20 February 1660, and was imprisoned at Salimgarh Fort in Delhi, 8 May 1660. On the orders of his father Emperor Aurangzeb, he was transferred to Gwalior Fort and imprisoned there from January 1661 to December 1672.
He died on 14 December 1676, in confinement at Salimgarh Fort in Delhi.
Marriages
In 1656, during the siege of Golconda negotiations for peace were carried out between Aurangzeb and Abdullah Qutb Shah. For this reason Hayat Bakhshi Begum, the Queen mother of Golconda, visited Aurangzeb and personally entreat him to spare her son. Aurangzeb agreed to restore the kingdom on the payment of one crore of rupees as indemnity and arrears of tribute and the marriage of his daughter with his son. Abdullah objected that the amount was too large, and there was delay in making the final settlement. On 10 April Aurangzeb withdrew from Golconda on the orders of Shah Jahan. On 13 April 1656, Muhammad married, by proxy, the second daughter of Abdullah Qutb Shah, named Padishah Bibi. On 20 April, she was brought away from the fort to her husband's camp.
