Niccolò I Ludovisi (1610 – 25 December 1664), 2nd Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo, was Prince of Piombino, Marquis of Populonia, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, Lord di Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Cerboli e Palmaiolan, and Lord prince of the Tuscan Archipelago including the islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Gorgona, Capraia, and Isola del Giglio from 1634 until his death.
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Family
He was born in Bologna, the son of Orazio Ludovisi, 1st Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo, patrician of Bologna and commander-in-chief of the Papal Army (as well as a brother of Pope Gregory XV), and wife Lavinia Albergati. He was the nephew of later-Cardinal Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi. He was a brother of Ludovico Ludovisi who was made a cardinal by their uncle the pope.
Marriages and legacy
Ludovisi was married three times.
He married firstly on 30 November 1622 Donna Isabella Gesualdo (Naples, June 1611 – Rome, 8 May 1629), 4th Princess of Venosa, 9th Countess of Conza, only daughter and heiress of Don Emanuele Gesualdo (Naples, 1588 - Torella, 20 August 1613), 8th Count of Conza, and wife as her first husband Martha Polyxèna, Countess zu Fürstenberg (Prague, 29 July 1588 - Atri, 31 May 1649), in turn only paternal granddaughter and heiress of Don Carlo Gesualdo, 3rd Prince of Venosa, and first wife as her third husband Donna Maria d'Avalos, and had: