Pau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Akina Pau (born 1974), Hong Kong fencer
Carlos Pau y Español (1857–1937), Spanish botanist
Pau Cin Hau, Burmese religious leader
Joan Margarit i Pau (died 1484), Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
Paul Pau (1848–1932), French general
Peter Pau (born 1951), Hong Kong cinematographer
Petra Pau (born 1963), German politician
Sioe Gouw Pau (born 1935), Indonesian Olympic fencer
Tyrone Pau, Cook Islander professional rugby league footballer
Pau Shiu-hung (born 1942), Hong Kong politician