Robert Spence

Robert (Bob) Spence (born 11 July 1933) is a British engineer and professor emeritus and senior research investigator at the Imperial College London, known for his work in the field of information visualization. Biography Born in Hull, England, Spence received his BSc in engineer in 1954 from the University of London, his Diploma of Imperial College from Imperial College, London in 1955, and in 1959 his PhD in engineering from the University of London. In 1983, he obtained a DSc in engineering from the University of London, and in 1997 a higher doctorate from the Royal College of Art. He was awarded a second DSc from Imperial College London in 2018 for his work in Interactive Visual Artefacts. Spence has spent his academic career at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the Imperial College London, where he had started in 1958 as research assistant. In 1962, he became lecturer, in 1968 reader, and in 1984 professor of information engineering. Since 2000 he has been a professor emeritus and senior research investigator. He has been visiting professor at the University of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia; at the Nanjing Institute of Technology, China; at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand since 2002; and since 2003 at the Business School, University of Manchester. Since 2007 has also been an honorary professor at the University of Waikato, New Zealand. Notable contributions in the field of engineering include the generalized form of Tellegen's theorem and algorithms for improving the manufacturing yield of mass-produced circuits. In the field of human–computer interaction, Spence created the first focus+context technique called the Bifocal Display which later led to fisheye views used in information visualization. Spence's innovations include many novel tools for design. One example is the Influence Explorer which proposed and demonstrated an interactive way for designers to select parameters and evaluate hundreds of variant designs in a matter of minutes.