Snow White

Plot

The following plot is that of the definitive 1857 edition of Grimm's Fairy Tales.

At the beginning of the story, a queen sits sewing at an open window during a winter snowfall when she pricks her finger with her needle, causing three drops of blood to drip onto the freshly fallen snow on the black window sill. Then she says to herself, "How I wish that I had a daughter who had skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood and hair as black as ebony." Some time later, the queen dies giving birth to a baby daughter whom she names Snow White.

A year later, Snow White's father the king marries again. His new wife is very beautiful, but a vain and wicked woman who practices witchcraft. The new queen possesses a magic mirror which she asks every morning "Mirror mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?" The magic mirror always tells the queen that she is the fairest. The Queen is always pleased with that response because the magic mirror never lies. When Snow White is seven years old, her fairness surpasses that of her stepmother. When the Queen again asks her magic mirror the same question, it tells her that Snow White is the fairest.

This gives the Queen a great shock. She becomes envious, and from that moment on, her heart turns against Snow White, whom the Queen grows to hate increasingly with time. Eventually, she orders a huntsman to take Snow White into the forest and kill her. As proof that Snow White is dead, the Queen also wants him to return with her lungs and liver so she can eat them with salt. The huntsman takes Snow White into the forest. After raising his dagger, the huntsman finds himself unable to kill her. When Snow White learns of her stepmother's plan and tearfully begs the huntsman "Spare me this mockery of justice! I will run away into the forest and never come home again!" After seeing the tears in the princess's eyes, the huntsman reluctantly agrees to spare Snow White and brings the Queen a boar's lungs and liver instead. Believing them to be Snow White's lungs and liver, the queen has the royal cook roast them with salt and eats them.

After wandering through the forest for hours, Snow White discovers a tiny cottage belonging to a group of seven dwarfs. Since no one is at home, she eats some of the tiny meals, drinks some of their wine, and then tests all the beds. Finally, the last bed is comfortable enough for her, and she falls asleep. When the seven dwarfs return home, they immediately become aware that there has been a burglar in their house because everything in their home is in disorder. Prowling about frantically, they head upstairs and discover the sleeping Snow White. She wakes up and explains to them about her stepmother's attempt to kill her and the seven dwarfs take pity on her and let her stay with them in exchange for a job as a housemaid. They warn her to be careful when alone at home and to let no one in while they are working in the mountains.

Characters

Snow White

Snow White is the protagonist of the story and the stepdaughter of the Evil Queen. She is described by the Evil Queen's Magic Mirror as the "fairest of them all". After surviving several attempts on her life orchestrated by the Queen, she takes refuge in the home of the Seven Dwarfs. The Queen ultimately tricks her into biting a poisoned apple, which places her in a deathlike sleep until she is revived and later marries the Prince. In the Grimms' version, Snow White's beauty, innocence, and resilience stand in sharp contrast to the vanity and cruelty of her stepmother.

Seven Dwarfs

The Seven Dwarfs shelter Snow White in their cottage and warn her against opening the door to strangers. They represent loyalty and companionship, offering protection despite their limited ability to stop the Queen's deception. While the Grimms did not give them names, later adaptations, including Disney's 1937 film, popularized distinct personalities and names for the dwarfs.

The Evil Queen

The Evil Queen is Snow White's stepmother and the central antagonist of the story. Obsessed with surpassing Snow White's beauty, she consults her Magic Mirror and attempts to kill Snow White three times: first by ordering a huntsman to murder her, second with a poisoned comb, and finally with a poisoned apple. Her final disguise as a peddler woman succeeds in placing Snow White into a deathlike slumber. In the original tale, the Queen is punished at Snow White's wedding by being forced to dance in heated iron shoes until her death.

The Huntsman

The Huntsman is tasked by the Queen with killing Snow White and returning her lungs and liver as proof. Moved by Snow White's pleas, he spares her life and substitutes the organs of a wild boar. His act of mercy allows the story to progress and reveals that not all who serve the Queen share her cruelty.

The Magic Mirror

The Magic Mirror is an enchanted, seemingly sentient object that the Queen consults to confirm who is the fairest in the land. It drives the Queen's jealousy and her subsequent attempts on Snow White's life. The mirror's role underscores themes of vanity, insecurity, and truth-telling.

The King

The King, Snow White's father, is a marginal figure in the Grimms' tale. He is mentioned in some versions as being alive but absent, while in others he dies early, leaving Snow White under the sole guardianship of the Queen. His absence allows the Queen's authority to dominate the household.

The Queen (biological mother)

In the first edition of the Grimms' story, Snow White's biological mother appears at the beginning. She pricks her finger while sewing in winter, wishes for a child with "skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony," and soon dies after giving birth. Later editions altered her role, making the stepmother the sole Queen and antagonist.

The Prince

The Prince discovers Snow White in her glass coffin after she is placed there by the Dwarfs. Struck by her beauty, he convinces the Dwarfs to let him take her to his castle. In some versions, his servants accidentally dislodge the poisoned apple from her throat, reviving her, while in others he awakens her with a kiss. He later marries Snow White, and together they preside over the Queen's punishment.

Supporting figures

The Cook – mentioned briefly in the Grimms' story, the cook unwittingly prepares the boar's organs that the Huntsman brings instead of Snow White's.

The Servants of the Prince – in certain versions, they carry Snow White's coffin and inadvertently revive her by stumbling and jostling the apple from her throat.

The Old Peddlers – disguises assumed by the Evil Queen, including a lace-maker, a comb-seller, and finally an apple-vendor, each attempt escalating in deception.

Editions

The Brothers Grimm made several changes from the 1810 manuscript Schneeweißchen auch: das Unglückskind ("Snow White, or: The Unlucky Child") to the 1854 revision for the 1857 last edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen. The most substantial differences appear in the manuscript and in the first edition of 1812, such as the Evil Queen being Snow White's biological mother. With the second edition of 1819, the tale underwent a major revision, which then became the stable basis for the five subsequent re-editions, up to the final version of 1857, where only minor changes were introduced.

1810 manuscript

In the 1810 manuscript, the main differences from the published versions are the following:

Snow White's mother does not die but later behaves the same way the stepmother does in later versions of the tale, including the 1854 iteration.

Snow White is blonde and has eyes as black as ebony.

The line that the queen says to the mirror is: 'Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the fairest woman in England?'

The huntsman does not appear: it is the queen herself who takes her daughter into the forest, taking advantage of the king's absence while he is away at war. Once they arrive in the carriage, she orders the girl to get out and pick some red roses, then abandons her there, leaving without her.

Snow White bites into the apple, which has been poisoned only on one half, and dies from the poison (not because the apple got stuck in her throat causing a state of apparent death).

The scene in which the dwarfs wash Snow White with water and wine to revive her is absent.

The saving role falls to Snow White's father. The king, returning to his kingdom and passing through the forest where the seven dwarfs live, finds the coffin and is overwhelmed with grief at the death of his beloved daughter. Since his entourage includes skilled physicians, they request to take the body with them. In a room, they tie Snow White to the four corners with ropes, and it is in this way that she comes back to life.

At the castle, Snow White is married to a handsome prince, and at the wedding a pair of shoes is heated over the fire, which the queen must wear, forcing her to dance until she dies. It is not specified, however, that the shoes are made of iron.

In a final note, Jacob Grimm adds that, according to other sources, the dwarfs bring Snow White back to life by striking her 32 times with small magical hammers.

1812 edition

In the 1812 version, the main plot largely takes the form of the later editions, but there are still prominent differences:

In this case too, Snow White's mother does not die and serves as the story's antagonist.

It is not specified which physical feature of Snow White the color red refers to; her eyes are as black as ebony, while her hair color is unclear.

The dwarfs do not wash Snow White's (apparently dead) body with water or wine.

Snow White's coffin is placed in the dwarfs' house, not on a mountain.

The prince becomes so obsessed with Snow White that he carries her coffin wherever he goes, until one of his servants, in anger, lifts Snow White from the coffin and strikes her on the back, causing the piece of apple to come out of her throat.

Inspiration

Scholars have theorized about the possible origins of the tale, with folklorists such as Sigrid Schmidt, Joseph Jacobs and Christine Goldberg noting that it combines multiple motifs also found in other folktales. Scholar Graham Anderson compares the fairy tale to the Roman legend of Chione, or "Snow," recorded in Ovid's Metamorphoses.

In the 1980s and 1990s, some German authors suggested that the fairy tale could have been inspired by a real person. Eckhard Sander, a teacher, claimed that the inspiration was Margaretha von Waldeck, a German countess born in 1533, as well as several other women in her family. Karlheinz Bartels, a pharmacist and scholar from Lohr am Main, a town in northwestern Bavaria, created a tongue-in-cheek theory that Snow White was Maria Sophia Margarethe Catharina, Baroness von und zu Erthal, born in 1725. However, these theories are generally dismissed by serious scholars, with folklore professor Donald Haase calling them "pure speculation and not at all convincing."

Variations

The principal studies of traditional Snow White variants are Ernst Böklen's, Schneewittchen Studien of 1910, which reprints fifty Snow White variants, and studies by Steven Swann Jones. In their first edition, the Brothers Grimm published the version they had first collected, in which the villain is Snow White's jealous biological mother. In a version sent to another folklorist prior to the first edition, additionally, she does not order a servant to take her to the woods, but takes her there herself to gather flowers and abandons her; in the first edition, this task was transferred to a servant. It is believed that the change to a stepmother in later editions was to tone down the story for children.

Another version of the story is the 1937 American animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Walt Disney, which was so influential that its popularity has surpassed the original Grimm tale and all other versions. Disney's variation of Snow White gave the dwarfs names and included a singing Snow White who is shown to be more mature. Other changes include:

The Queen forces Snow White to work as a scullery maid, a motif borrowed from Cinderella.

Snow White and her prince meet and fall in love before she bites the apple.

Instead of her lungs and liver, the huntsman is asked by the queen to bring back Snow White's heart. While the heart is mentioned, it is never shown in the box.

Snow White is discovered by the dwarfs after cleaning the house, not vandalizing it.

The evil queen tries only once to kill Snow White (with the poisoned apple) and fails. The dwarfs then chase her through the forest, after which she dies by falling down a cliff and being crushed by a boulder.

The prince wakes Snow White by kissing her, a detail borrowed from Grimm's Little Briar Rose. This innovation has been repeated in many subsequent versions

Variants and parallels to other tales

This tale type is widespread in Europe, in America, in Africa and "in some Turkic traditions," the Middle East, in China, in India and in the Americas. Jörg Bäcker draws a parallel to Turkic tales, as well as other tales with a separate origin but overlapping themes, such as those in Central Asia and Eastern Siberia, among the Mongolians and Tungusian peoples. Due to Portuguese colonization, Sigrid Schmidt posits the presence of the tale in modern times in former Portuguese colonies, and contrasts it with other distinct African tales.

Europe

A primary analysis by Celtic folklorist Alfred Nutt, in the 19th century, established the tale type, in Europe, was distributed "from the Balkan peninsula to Iceland, and from Russia to Catalonia", with the highest number of variants being found in Germany and Italy.

This geographical distribution seemed to be confirmed by scholarly studies of the 20th century. A 1957 article by Italian philologist Gianfranco D'Aronco (it) studied the most diffused Tales of Magic in Italian territory, among which Biancaneve. A scholarly inquiry by Italian Istituto centrale per i beni sonori ed audiovisivi ("Central Institute of Sound and Audiovisual Heritage"), produced in the late 1960s and early 1970s, found thirty-seven variants of the tale across Italian sources. A similar assessment was made by scholar Sigrid Schmidt, who claimed that the tale type was "particularly popular" in Southern Europe, "specially" in Italy, Greece and the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, Swedish scholar Waldemar Liungman suggested Italy as center of diffusion of the story, since he considered Italy as the source of tale ("Ursprung"), and it holds the highest number of variants not derived from the Grimm's tale.

Another study, by researcher Theo Meder, points to a wide distribution in Western Europe, specially in Ireland, Iceland and Scandinavia.

The Brothers Grimm's "Snow White" was predated by several other German versions of the tale, with the earliest being Johann Karl August Musäus's "Richilde" (1782), a satirical novella told from the wicked stepmother's point of view. Albert Ludwig Grimm (no relation to the Brothers Grimm) published a play version, Schneewittchen, in 1809. The Grimms collected at least eight other distinct variants of the tale, which they considered one of the most famous German folktales. They found that it was particularly well known in Hesse, noting that even in that district—where High German predominates—the Low German name Sneewitchen persisted, sometimes altered to Schliwitchen. From these stories, they drew and combined various elements, partially shortening them to create the definitive version. The opening, with the drops of the mother's blood, recalls a motif found in the tale The Juniper Tree, recorded by the painter Philipp Otto Runge.

In their comparative notes on the tale, the Grimms mention several unpublished variants. In one, the queen cuts herself while peeling an apple during a sleigh ride with the king. In another, there are a count and countess; here, it is the father who wishes for a daughter white as snow, red as blood, and with hair black as a raven, after passing three heaps of snow, three pits of blood, and three black ravens. Soon after, they encounter a girl with these traits, whom the count welcomes but the countess despises, plotting to rid herself of her. Under the pretext of retrieving a fallen glove, she leaves the girl alone in the forest, where she finds refuge with the dwarfs. In a third story, the only variation is that the queen takes Snow White into the forest and asks her to gather a nosegay of roses, only to leave her behind.

Americas

In a Louisiana tale, Lé Roi Pan ("The King Peacock"), a mother has a child who becomes more beautiful than she, so she orders her daughter's nurse to kill her. The daughter resigns to her fate, but the nurse spares her and gives her three seeds. After failing to drown in a well and to be eaten by an ogre, the girl eats a seed and falls into a deep sleep. The ogre family (who took her in after seeing her beauty) put her in a crystal coffin to float down the river. Her coffin is found by the titular King Peacock, who takes the seed from her mouth and awakens her. The King Peacock shares "motifs and tropes" with Snow White, according to Maria Tatar.

Adaptations

Theatrical live-action adaptations

Snow White (1902), a lost silent film made in 1902. It was the first time the classic 1812 Brothers Grimm fairy tale was made into a film.

Snow White (1916), a silent film by Famous Players–Lasky produced by Adolph Zukor and Daniel Frohman, directed by J. Searle Dawley, and starring Marguerite Clark, Creighton Hale, and Dorothy Cumming.

Schneewittchen und die sieben Zwerge (1939), German film by Heinz Wolff.

I sette nani alla riscossa (The Seven Dwarfs to the Rescue) (1951), an Italian film based on the fairy tale.

Lumikki ja 7 jätkää (The Snow White and the 7 Dudes) (1953), a Finnish musical comedy film directed by Ville Salminen, loosely based on the fairy tale.

Schneewittchen und die sieben Zwerge (1955), a German live-action adaptation of the fairy tale.

Snow White and the Seven Fellows (1955), a Hong Kong film as Chow Sze-luk, Lo Yu-kei Dirs.

Snow White and the Three Stooges (1961), starring the Three Stooges with Carol Heiss as Snow White and Patricia Medina as the Evil Queen.

Snow White (1961), an East German fairy tale film directed by Gottfried Kolditz.

The New Adventures of Snow White (1969), a West German sex comedy film directed by Rolf Thiele and starring Marie Liljedahl, Eva Reuber-Staier, and Ingrid van Bergen. The film puts an erotic spin on three classic fairy tales Snow White, Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty.

Pamuk Prenses ve 7 Cüceler (1970), a Turkish live-action remake of the 1937 Disney film.

Theatrical animated adaptations

Snow-White (1933), also known as Betty Boop in Snow-White, is a film in the Betty Boop series from Max Fleischer's Fleischer Studios.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) is an animated film based on the fairy tale, featuring Adriana Caselotti as the voice of Snow White. It is widely considered the best-known adaptation of the story, thanks in part to it becoming one of the first animated feature films and Disney's first animated motion picture.

Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (1943) is a Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Bob Clampett. The short was released on January 16, 1943. It is a parody of the fairy tale featuring African-American stereotypes and is part of the "Censored Eleven".

Happily Ever After (1989) is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film written by Robby London and Martha Moran, directed by John Howley, produced by Filmation.

Snow White: The Sequel (2007) is a Belgian/French/British adult animated comedy film directed by Picha. It is based on the fairy tale of Snow White and intended as a sequel to Disney's classic animated adaptation. However, like all of Picha's cartoons, the film is actually a sex comedy featuring a lot of bawdy jokes and sex scenes.

Shrek the Third (2007), animated comedy film, sequel to Shrek 2 (2002). Snow White appears extensively among Princess Fiona's friends.

The Seventh Dwarf (2014) (German: Der 7bte Zwerg), is a German 3D computer-animated film, created in 2014. The film is based upon the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty and characters from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Direct-to-video live-action adaptations

Neberte nám princeznú (1981) (English: Let the Princess Stay with Us) is a modern version of the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs fairytale, starring Marika Gombitová. The musical was directed by Martin Hoffmeister, and released in 1981.

Grimm's Snow White (2012), starring Eliza Bennett as Snow White and Jane March as the Evil Queen Gwendolyn.

Snow White: A Deadly Summer (2012) is an American horror film directed by David DeCoteau and starring Shanley Caswell, Maureen McCormick, and Eric Roberts. The film was released straight to DVD and digital download on March 20, 2012

Snow White's Christmas Adventure (2023), starring Jennifer Mischiati as Snow White, with Rayna Campbell and Elijah Rowen.

Direct-to-video animated adaptations

Amada Anime Series: Super Mario Bros. (1989), a three-part OVA series featuring Mario characters in different fairy tales.

Snow White (1990), direct-to-video featurette by American Film Investment Corporation.

Snow White and the Magic Mirror (1994), produced by Fred Wolf Films Dublin.

Snow White (1995), a Japanese-American direct-to-video film by Jetlag Productions.

Snow White (1998), direct-to-video film by Golden Films.

Rugrats: Tales from the Crib: Snow White (2005), direct-to-video film from the animated series Rugrats, with the characters playing the characters from the fairy tale. This is also the first adaptation of the original fairy tale in which Snow White is depicted as a dark-skinned character (being portrayed by Susie Carmichael).

Happily N'Ever After 2: Snow White—Another Bite @ the Apple (2009), an American-German computer-animated direct-to-video film and sequel to Happily N'Ever After

Charming (2018), an animated film featuring Snow White as one of the princesses, featuring the voice of Avril Lavigne.

Red Shoes and the Seven Dwarfs (2019), a Korean-American animated film based on the fairy tale, featuring the voice of Chloë Grace Moretz.

Television live-action adaptations

The Brady Bunch (1973), in the episode "Snow White and the Seven Bradys", the Bradys put on a production of "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in their backyard, with each of the Bradys playing one of the characters.

El Chapulín Colorado (1978), in the three part episode "Blancanieves y los siete Churi Churín Fun Flais" being crossover with El Chavo del Ocho where Chapulin visits Professor Jirafales' class to narrate the story of Snow White for the children. Snow White is played by Florinda Meza while the Evil Queen is played by María Antonieta de las Nieves.

Faerie Tale Theatre (1984) has an episode based on the fairy tale starring Vanessa Redgrave as the Evil Queen, Elizabeth McGovern as Snow White, and Vincent Price as the Magic Mirror.

A Smoky Mountain Christmas (1986) is a retelling of Snow White, except it is set in the Smoky Mountains and there are orphans instead of dwarves.

Saved by the Bell (1992), in the episode "Snow White and the Seven Dorks", the school puts on a hip hop version of "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs".

The 10th Kingdom (2000) is a TV miniseries featuring Snow White as a major character.

Snow White: The Fairest of Them All (2001), TV movie starring Kristin Kreuk as Snow White and Miranda Richardson as Queen Elspeth.

Blanche Neige (2009) - France TV movie

During the episode of The Suite Life on Deck "Once Upon a Suite Life" (2010) is shown a version of the fairy tale with the characters of the series in the roles of the characters from the tale.

Once Upon a Time (2011) is a TV series featuring Snow White, Prince Charming, their daughter Emma Swan, and the Evil Queen as the main characters.

Television animated adaptations

Popeye the Sailor - The episode Olive Drab and the Seven Sweapeas, being produced by Jack Kinney Productions and posted on October 10, 1960, is based on the same fairy tale, with Olive Oyl as Snow White, the Sea Hag as the Evil Queen, the seven Swee'Peas as the seven dwarfs and Popeye as Prince Charming. In that same episode, the king's gold is stolen off his boat and the princess Olive is asked to find it by locating "the seven Swee Peas" in the swamp and having them solve the case. After rescuing Olive, who almost drowns trying to find the little ones, the seven Swee Peas head out on their mission. The Sea Hag, of course, is behind the robbery. At least in this "adventure story," the Hag has a clever plan to beat her foes, which is to give the princess a can of cursed spinach.

Festival of Family Classics (1972–73), episode Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, produced by Rankin/Bass and animated by Mushi Production.

Manga Fairy Tales of the World (1976–79), anime anthology series animated by Dax International has a 10-minute adaptation.

A Snow White Christmas is a Christmas animated television special produced by Filmation and telecast December 19, 1980, on CBS.

A 1984 episode of Alvin & the Chipmunks called Snow Wrong is based on the fairy tale, with Brittany of The Chipettes as Snow White.

The Saturday-morning cartoon series Muppet Babies parodied the tale in "Snow White and the Seven Muppets" (1985).

My Favorite Fairy Tales (Sekai Dōwa Anime Zenshū) (1986), an anime television anthology, has a 30-minute adaptation.

Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics (1987–89) an anime television series based on Grimm's stories, as a four half-hour episodes adaptation.

Season 7 of Garfield and Friends had a two-part story parodying the fairy tale called "Snow Wade and the 77 Dwarfs".

Music and audio

Schneewittchen (1851), a song by Theodor Storm, set to music by Rudolf Ewald Zingel in 1908 and later by Armin Knab.

Schneewittchen (1874), a musical composition for female choir by Carl Reinecke.

Hildegard Quiel (1888-1971) composed incidental music for a theatrical production of Schneewittchen.

Sonne (2001) is a music video for the song by Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein, where the band are dwarfs mining gold for Snow White.

Charmed (2008), an album by Sarah Pinsker, features a song called "Twice the Prince" in which Snow White realizes that she prefers a dwarf to Prince Charming.

The Boys (2011), Girls' Generation's third studio album, features a concept photo by Taeyeon inspired by Snow White.

Hitoshizuku and Yamasankakkei are two Japanese Vocaloid producers that created a song called Genealogy of Red, White and Black (2015) based upon the tale of Snow White with some differences, the song features the Vocaloids Kagamine Rin/Len and Lily.

John Finnemore's Souvenir Programme S5E1 (2016) features a comedy sketch parodying the magic mirror scene.

The music video of Va Va Voom (2012) features Nicki Minaj in a spoof of the fairy tale.

Literature

German author Ludwig Aurbacher used the story of Snow White in his literary tale Die zwei Brüder ("The Two Brothers") (1834).

Snow White (1967), a postmodern novel by Donald Barthelme which describes the lives of Snow White and the dwarfs.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1971), a poem by Anne Sexton in her collection Transformations, in which she re-envisions sixteen of the Grimm's Fairy Tales.

Snow White in New York (1986), a picture book by Fiona French set in 1920s New York.

O Fantástico Mistério de Feiurinha (1986), a fairytale crossover written by Pedro Bandeira where Snow White and her prince are among the main characters. In 2009 it was adapted into the film Xuxa em O Mistério de Feiurinha.

"Snow White" (1994), a short story written by James Finn Garner, from Politically Correct Bedtime Stories: Modern Tales For Our Life & Times.

"Snow, Glass, Apples", a 1994 short story written by Neil Gaiman, which all but explicitly rewrites the tale to make Snow White a vampire-like entity that is opposed by the Queen, while the prince is strongly implied to have necrophiliac tastes.

Black as Night, 2004 novel by Regina Doman set in contemporary New York City.

Six-Gun Snow White (2013), a novel by Catherynne M. Valente retelling the Snow White story in an Old West setting.

Three modern-day "adaptations of... popular international fairy tales" were recorded in Puerto Rico. Two named "Blanca Nieves" ("Snow White") and the third "Blanca Flor" ("White Flower").

Tímakistan (2013), a novel by Andri Snær Magnason, an adaptation of Snow White.

Opera and ballet

Biancaneve (1940), ballet by Riccardo Zandonai.

Biancaneve o il perfido candore (1993), opera by Fabrizio De Rossi Re.

Schneewittchen (1998), a chamber opera based on the drama by Robert Walser, with music by Heinz Holliger.

Blancanieves (2005), ballet by Emilio Aragón.

Blanche Neige (2008), ballet by Angelin Preljocaj.

Blanche-Neige (2011), a family opera by Marius Felix Lange.

Theatre

Schneewittchen (1888), a play with music by Engelbert Humperdinck and a libretto by Adelheid Wette.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912), a play by Jessie Braham.

Snövit (1950), play by Astrid Lindgren.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1969) musical by Frank Churchill, Larry Morey, Jay Blackton and Joe Cook. Adaptation of the 1937 Disney film.

The story of Snow White is a popular theme for British pantomime.

Comics

The Haunt of Fear (1953) was a horror comic which featured a gruesome re-imaging of Snow White.

Prétear (Prétear - The New Legend of Snow-White) is a manga (2000) and anime (2001) loosely inspired by the story of Snow White, featuring a sixteen-year-old orphan who meets seven magical knights sworn to protect her.

Stone Ocean (2002), the sixth part of the long-running manga series, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure by Hirohiko Araki features Snow White as one of the various fictional characters brought to life by the stand, Bohemian Rhapsody. She also appeared in its anime adaptation.

Fables (2002), a comic created by Bill Willingham, features Snow White as a major character in the series.

MÄR (Märchen Awakens Romance) is a Japanese manga (2003) and anime (2005) series where an ordinary student (in the real world) is transported to another reality populated by characters that vaguely resemble characters from fairy tales, like Snow White, Jack (from Jack and the Beanstalk) and Dorothy from The Wizard of Oz.

Snow White with the Red Hair is a manga (2006) and anime (2015) which open with a loose adaptation of the fairy tale, with a wicked prince pursuing a girl with strikingly red hair.

Junji Ito's Snow White (2014) is a manga by Junji Ito retelling the story with Snow White repeatedly resurrecting from murders at the hands of the Queen.

Monica and Friends has many stories that parody Snow White. Notably one of the stories "Branca de Fome e os Sete Anões" was adapted into an animated episode.

Video games

Snow White: Happily Ever After, a North America-exclusive video game that was released in 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

Dark Parables (2010–present), a series of computer video games featuring fairy tales. Snow White appears as a recurring character in a few installments.

The Wolf Among Us (2013), the Telltale Games video game based on the comic book series Fables, with Snow White appearing as one of the main characters.

Other

In 1989, the 61st Academy Awards featured Rob Lowe singing a duet with Eileen Bowman, who played an unauthorized portrayal of Disney's Snow White.

The Pucca Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show was inspired by Snow White and her wicked stepmother, the Queen. The opening model, Stella Maxwell, was dressed as a Lolita-esque modern day Snow White in a hoodie, miniskirt and high heels.

Joanne Eccles, an equestrian acrobat, won the title of Aerobatic World Champion (International Jumping of Bordeaux) in 2012. She interpreted Snow White during the first part of the event.

In the doll franchise Ever After High, Snow White has a daughter named Apple White, and the Queen has a daughter named Raven Queen.

In the Efteling amusement park, Snow White and the dwarfs live in the Fairytale Forest adjoining the castle of her mother-in-law.

Religious interpretation

Erin Heys' "Religious Symbols" article at the website Religion & Snow White analyzes the use of numerous symbols in the story, their implications, and their Christian interpretations, such as the colours red, white, and black; the apple; the number seven; and resurrection.