Toyama Prefecture (富山県, Toyama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [tó̞.jä̀.mä̀, tò̞.jä́.mä́.kè̞ɴ̀]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Toyama Prefecture has a population of 993,848 (1 January 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,247.61 km2 (1,640.01 sq mi). Toyama Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the west, Gifu Prefecture to the south, Nagano Prefecture to the east, and Niigata Prefecture to the northeast.
Toyama is the capital and largest city of Toyama Prefecture, with other major cities including Takaoka, Imizu, and Nanto. Toyama Prefecture is part of the historic Hokuriku region, and the majority of the prefecture's population lives on Toyama Bay, one of the largest bays in Japan. Toyama Prefecture is the leading industrial prefecture on the Japan Sea coast and has the advantage of cheap electricity from abundant hydroelectric resources. Toyama Prefecture contains the only known glaciers in East Asia outside of Russia, first recognized in 2012, and 30% of the prefecture's area is designated as national parks.
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History
Historically, Toyama Prefecture was Etchū Province. Following the abolition of the han system in 1871, Etchū Province was renamed Niikawa Prefecture, but Imizu District was given to Nanao Prefecture. In 1872 Imizu District was returned by the new Ishikawa Prefecture.
In 1876, Niikawa Prefecture was merged into Ishikawa Prefecture but the merger was void in 1881 and the area was re-established as Toyama Prefecture.
The Itai-itai disease occurred in Toyama around 1950.
Geography
Toyama Prefecture is bordered by Ishikawa Prefecture to the west, Niigata to the northeast, Nagano to the southeast, Gifu to the south and Sea of Japan to the north.
As of April 1, 2012, 30% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Chūbu-Sangaku and Hakusan National Parks; Noto Hantō Quasi-National Park; and six Prefectural Natural Parks.
Municipalities
Due to the mergers in the 2000s, Toyama has the fewest municipalities of any prefecture in Japan with 10 cities, 2 districts, 4 towns, and 1 village (before the mergers took place, the prefecture had 9 cities, 18 towns, and 8 villages).
Cities
Ten cities are located in Toyama Prefecture.
Towns and villages
These are the towns and villages in each district:
List of governors of Toyama Prefecture (1947–present)
Tetsuji Tachi (館 哲二) (19 April 1947 to 15 November 1947)
Takekuni Takatsuji (高辻 武邦) (16 November 1947 to 30 September 1956)
Minoru Yoshida (吉田 実) (1 October 1956 to 1 December 1969)
Kōkichi Nakata (中田 幸吉) (30 December 1969 to 18 September 1980)
Yutaka Nakaoki (中沖 豊) (11 November 1980 to 8 November 2004)
Takakazu Ishii (石井 隆一) (9 November 2004 to 8 November 2020)
Hachirō Nitta (新田 八朗) (9 November 2020 to present)
Economy
Agriculture
In 2014 Toyama contributed approximately 2.5% of Japan's rice production and
makes use of abundant water sources originating from Mount Tate. It also has many fisheries along its Sea of Japan coastline.
Manufacturing
Toyama is famous for its historical pharmaceutical industry which remains a top manufacturing industry in the prefecture in terms of manufacturing shipment value followed by electronic parts and devices (industrial robots, general machinery, etc.), and metal products (aluminum, copper etc.) manufacturing.
Energy
Kurobe Dam generates electricity for the Kansai Electric Power Company. It is located on the Kurobe River in Toyama Prefecture.
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Toyama has been relatively stable since 1950.
Transportation
Rail
JR West
Hokuriku Shinkansen (Tokyo to Tsuruga via Kurobe, Toyama City and Takaoka)
Takayama Main Line (Inotani to Toyama City)
Himi Line
Jōhana Line
JR Central
Takayama Main Line (Gifu to Inotani)
Ainokaze Toyama Railway (Kurikara, Ishikawa to Ichiburi, Niigata via Takaoka and Toyama City)
Manyōsen (Third-sector tram system in Takaoka)
Shinminatokō Line
Takaoka Kidō Line
Toyama Chihō Railway
Main Line
Tateyama Line
Fujikoshi Line
Kamidaki Line
Toyama City Tram
Expressway
Hokuriku Expressway
Nōetsu Expressway
Tōkai-Hokuriku Expressway
Air
Toyama Airport (TOY)
Tokyo: 1 hr
Sapporo: 1 hr 20 min
Dalian: 2 hr 30 min via China Southern Airlines
Shanghai: 2 hr 30 min via Shanghai Airlines
Culture
Tourist sites
Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route
Kurobe Gorge Railway
Unazuki Onsen
Gokayama (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
Mitsui Outlet Park, Hokuriku Oyabe
Gokayama Historical Village (Nanto City)
Zuiryū-ji Temple (Takaoka City)
Festivals
All Japan Chindon Competition (Toyama City (Toyama Castle Park), Mid April
Tonami Tulip Fair (Tonami City), May
Marumage Festival (Himi City), May 17
Sassa Narimasa Sengoku Era Festival (Toyama City), Late July
Japan Wildlife Film Festival (Toyama Prefecture), Early August
Toyama Festival (Toyama City), Sept. 1
Owara Kaze no Bon (Toyama City (Yatsuo Area)), Sept. 1–3
Nanto Toga Soba Festival (Nanto City (Toga Village Area)), Mid Feb.
Regional foods
Trout Sushi (Masuzushi)
White Shrimp (Shiro Ebi)
Matured Yellow Tail (Buri)
Firefly Squid (Hotaru Ika)
Fish Paste (Kamaboko)
Regional sake
Tateyama (立山)
Narimasa (成政)
Masuizumi (満寿泉)
Sanshoraku (三笑楽)
Sports
The sports teams listed below are based in Toyama.
Football
Kataller Toyama (Toyama City)
Basketball
Toyama Grouses (Toyama City)
Baseball
Toyama Thunderbirds (Toyama City)
Rugby Union
Takaoka Mariners (Takaoka)
International relations
Liaoning Province, since May 9, 1984
São Paulo State, since July 18, 1985
Oregon State, since October 19, 1991
Primorsky Region, since August 26, 1992
Basel-Stadt, since October 26, 2009
Andhra Pradesh State, since December 29, 2015