Washington County

History

Washington County was created on December 7, 1836, by the Wisconsin Territory Legislature, with Port Washington designated as the county seat. It was run administratively from Milwaukee County until 1840, when an Act of Organization allowed the county self-governance, and the county seat was moved to Grafton, then called Hamburg. This solution was not satisfactory, as at that time four cities were vying to become the county seat: Port Washington, Grafton, Cedarburg, and West Bend. At least four inconclusive elections were held between 1848 and 1852, but the results were unusable due to accusations of foul play and serious irregularities.

In 1852, the state Legislature attempted to split the county into a northern and southern half, with the northern half retaining the name and the southern half becoming Tuskola County. Voters refused this decision, so in 1853 the Legislature again split the county, this time into a western and eastern portion. The western portion remained Washington County, with West Bend as its county seat, while the eastern portion became Ozaukee County, with Port Washington as its county seat.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.

Railroads

Canadian National

Wisconsin and Southern Railroad

Buses

Washington County was formerly served by the Washington County Commuter Express until 2023 when the county board elected to terminate the service without replacement, as of the end of 2023 there are no public transit options linking Washington County to the rest of the Milwaukee Metro area. Limited county sponsored shared ride taxi service remains available.

Airports

Hartford Municipal Airport (KHXF) and West Bend Municipal Airport (KETB) serve the county and surrounding communities.

Erin Aero Airport also exists as a small airstrip in the Town of Erin. Some maps claim the existence Arrowhead Springs, Doering Farms Airfield, Hahn Sky Ranch, and Willow Creek Airports, but these do not exist.

Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport is the nearest commercial airport.

Adjacent counties

Fond du Lac County - northwest

Sheboygan County - northeast

Ozaukee County - east

Milwaukee County - southeast

Waukesha County - south

Dodge County - west

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 136,761; the population density was 317.6 people per square mile (122.6 people/km2), and there were 58,311 housing units at an average density of 135.4 units per square mile (52.3 units/km2).

The racial makeup of the county was 91.7% White, 1.3% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 1.1% from some other race, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 3.5% of the population.

The median age was 43.8 years, with 21.7% of residents under the age of 18 and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.2 males age 18 and over.

Of the county's residents, 61.6% lived in urban areas while 38.4% lived in rural areas.

There were 55,879 households in the county, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 56.9% were married-couple households, 15.9% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 20.9% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Of the 58,311 housing units, 4.2% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 77.3% were owner-occupied and 22.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.5% and the rental vacancy rate was 5.0%.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 117,493 people, 43,842 households, and 32,749 families residing in the county. The population density was 273 people per square mile (105 people/km2). There were 45,808 housing units at an average density of 106 units per square mile (41 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.69% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. 1.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 59.9% were of German, 6.3% Polish and 5.5% Irish ancestry. 95.5% spoke English, 2.0% German and 1.7% Spanish as their first language.

There were 43,842 households, out of which 36.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.20% were married couples living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were non-families. 20.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.70% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 31.50% from 25 to 44, 23.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 99.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.00 males.

Communities

Cities

Hartford (partly in Dodge County)

Milwaukee (mostly in Milwaukee County and Waukesha County)

West Bend (county seat)

Villages

Germantown

Jackson

Kewaskum (partly in Fond du Lac County)

Newburg (partly in Ozaukee County)

Richfield

Slinger

Census-designated place

Allenton

Education

K-12 school districts include:

There is one secondary school district, Hartford Union High School District.

Elementary school districts include:

High schools:

Government

The County Executive is Josh Schoemann, a Republican who is the 1st County Executive, with the office having been established in 2020. Schoemann served as County Administrator from 2014 until 2020. In 2020, the position of County Executive was established to replace the Administrator role. While the responsibilities of the two positions are functionally identical, the primary distinction lies in the method of selection: the County Executive is an elected official, whereas the County Administrator was appointed.

Politics

Like most other suburban counties surrounding Milwaukee (the "WOW counties"), Washington County is a Republican stronghold. Since 1940, the county has been won by the Republican presidential candidate in every election except 1964, as is the case in neighboring Ozaukee and Waukesha counties. Additionally, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and Jimmy Carter are the only Democratic presidential candidates since the 1936 election to have crossed the 40 percent mark. In 2008, while Barack Obama won Wisconsin by 14 points, Washington County, one of the 13 out of 72 counties to vote for his Republican rival John McCain was his weakest county in the state, as McCain won it by almost 30 points; and other WOW counties were the only three counties where Obama did not win 40 percent of the vote.