The United States and Saudi Arabia announced a civilian nuclear cooperation deal that would enable American companies to help build and operate a Saudi nuclear program, while explicitly prohibiting uranium enrichment at the outset and tying the agreement to Riyadh joining the Abraham Accords. The arrangement includes a separate safeguards framework and a 90-day congressional review, with the overarching pact lasting about a decade. The framing suggests that the deal could bring significant economic benefits to U.S. energy firms and jobs, according to White House and industry sources. Supporters say the agreement strengthens U.S.-Saudi security and economic ties, contingent on Saudi-Israel normalization, while critics warn that even restricted enrichment paths could pose proliferation risks and spark a regional arms race. The discussion also touches broader regional diplomacy and related global nuclear energy considerations, illustrating the sensitivity around liability, safeguards, and potential spillovers. The new framing reflects a shift from the initial emphasis on long-term decades-long engagement to a shorter, conditional period tied to political settlements.